Biological characteristics and treatment outcomes of metastatic or recurrent neuroendocrine tumors: tumor grade and metastatic site are important for treatment strategy

Table 5 Overall survival and time-to-progression (n = 66)

Characteristic			OS* (months)	95% CI	1-year survival rate (%)	P-value	TTP (months)	95% CI	1-year survival rate (%)	P-value
Age	<60 ≥ 60		26.0 25.0	18.9-33.1 14.2-35.8	69.2 69.9	.656	6.0 6.0	2.8-9.2 0.8-11.2	26.9 35.4	.611
Sex	Male Female		22.0 27.0	15.9-28.1 19.3-34.7	69.1 69.6	.134	6.0 6.0	0.0-14.2 2.7-9.3	28.0 34.6	.771
	Pancreas		28.0	18.0-38.0	77.1	.981	7.0	0.0-15.0	41.6
Origin	GI		22.0	0.0-46.9	63.2		2.0	0.8-3.2	25.0	.258
	Lung		9.0	-	50.0		1.0	-	-
Liver metastasis	Absent Present		25.0 22.0	20.8-29.2 13.3-30.7	77.0 65.0	.310	12.0 4.0	9.2-14.8 1.3-6.7	40.7 23.8	.011
	1		36.0	13.2-58.8	72.4		12.0	8.3-15.7	57.5
	2-3		17.0	1.1-32.9	53.0	.612	4.0	1.2-6.8	34.3
Grade										.681
	Large		12.0	0.0-29.8	50.0		2.0	0.0-4.5	45.0
	Small		17.0	10.1-23.9	100.0		12.0	2.6-21.4	30.0
	24-hour urine 5-HIAA (μmol/day)	<31.4	20.0	0.0-52.2	60.0	.114	1.0	-	-	.045
		≥ 31.4	40.0	-	62.5		12.0	0.0-29.6	44.4
Biomarkers
	Serum NSE (nmol/l)	<1.0 ≥ 1.0	25.0 6.0	18.0-32.0 0.0-18.0	75.0 46.4	.170	2.0 4.0	0.9-3.1 1.2-6.8	0.0 22.2	.381
	IFN		36.0	22.6-49.4	86.7	.169	10.0	0.0-25.6	22.9
Regimen	Somatostatin-analogue^†		3.0	.	50.0		0.0	-	-	.057
	Chemotherapy		20.0	13.3-26.7	64.5		6.0	3.6-8.4	34.2
Treatment modality	Systemic treatment only Systemic+local treatment		23.0 29.0	0.4-45.6 23.6-34.4	57.9 86.1	.350

OS, overall survival; TTP, time-to-progression; CI, confidence interval; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; IFN, interferon
*OS was estimated after initiation of systemic treatment except in treatment modality where OS was calculated after diagnosis of metastasis.
^†Somatostatin-analogue was given to only 2 patients.

ISSN: 1471-2407