|  | Mean frequency of methylation alterations* (%, mean ± SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinicopathological variables | No. of patients | Hypomethylation | p†| Hypermethylation | p†|
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤55 | 7 | 34.7 ± 28.4 | 0.547 | 11.2 ± 9.1 | 0.384 |
   >55 | 32 | 29.0 ± 20.1 |  | 16.5 ± 15.2 |  |
Tumor size (cm) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤5 | 24 | 24.7 ± 16.7 | 0.056 | 17.3 ± 15.6 | 0.359 |
   > 5 | 15 | 38.6 ± 27.4 |  | 12.9 ± 12.1 |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 27 | 28.8 ± 22.2 | 0.619 | 14.5 ± 15.0 | 0.514 |
   Female | 12 | 32.7 ± 22.9 |  | 17.8 ± 13.1 |  |
Lauren classification | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Intestinal | 26 | 28.0 ± 21.3 | 0.727 | 18.1 ± 15.0 | 0.189 |
   Diffuse | 8 | 34.8 ± 29.4 |  | 13.4 ± 12.9 |  |
   Mixed | 5 | 32.9 ± 15.6 |  | 5.7 ± 9.3 |  |
Differentiation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Well | 3 | 23.8 ± 10.9 | 0.671 | 23.8 ± 8.2 | 0.169 |
   Moderate | 24 | 28.6 ± 22.2 |  | 17.6 ± 15.3 |  |
   Poor | 12 | 34.5 ± 24.7 |  | 9.5 ± 11.9 |  |
Growth pattern | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Infiltrative | 23 | 32.6 ± 25.6 | 0.639 | 13.4 ± 12.9 | 0.221 |
   Expanding | 3 | 21.4 ± 14.3 |  | 28.6 ± 14.3 |  |
   Mixed | 13 | 27.4 ± 16.7 |  | 16.5 ± 16.1 |  |
Venous invasion | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 4 | 37.5 ± 16.9 | 0.485 | 1.8 ± 3.6 | 0.041 |
   No | 35 | 29.2 ± 22.7 |  | 17.1 ± 14.3 |  |
Lymphatic invasion | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 21 | 38.8 ± 25.2 | 0.006 | 9.5 ± 10.4 | 0.003 |
   No | 18 | 19.8 ± 12.1 |  | 22.6 ± 15.3 |  |
Tumor stage | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Early stage | 23 | 23.0 ± 15.1 | 0.015 | 19.9 ± 15.7 | 0.023 |
   Advanced stage | 16 | 40.2 ± 26.9 |  | 9.4 ± 9.7 |  |