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Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients (n = 459)

From: Predictive nomogram for postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective study

Variables

Training Cohort

Validation Cohort

(n = 157)

P (Training Cohort vs Validation Cohort)

Total (n = 302)

POPF (n = 50)

No-POPF (n = 252)

Age (years)

56.47 ± 11.17

56.74 ± 11.94

56.42 ± 11.03

57.42 ± 10.77

0.380

BMI (kg/m2)

22.39 ± 2.78

23.39 ± 2.78

22.21 ± 2.75

22.34 ± 3.02

0.873

Sex

0.763

 Female

121

18

103

60

 

 Male

181

32

149

97

 

Smoking

0.999

 Yes

92

16

76

48

 

 No

210

34

176

109

 

Drinking

0.128

 Yes

76

12

64

29

 

 No

226

38

188

128

 

Biliary drainage

0.403

 Yes

31

3

28

12

 

 No

271

47

224

145

 

Diabetes

0.183

 Yes

43

3

40

15

 

 No

259

47

212

142

 

Hypertension

0.362

 Yes

55

8

47

23

 

 No

247

42

205

134

 

Epigastric operation history

0.704

 Yes

57

13

44

27

 

 No

245

37

208

130

 

 Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

28.80

(14.75–148.10)

35.00 (10.20–168.13)

26.70

(13.13–147.85)

17.80

(10.85–151.20)

0.204

 Albumin (g/L)

39.16 ± 3.82

39.90 ± 3.98

39.02 ± 3.73

39.51 ± 4.41

0.369

 White blood cell (1012/L)

5.77 ± 1.60

5.76 ± 1.48

5.77 ± 1.61

5.75 ± 1.83

0.927

 Platelet count (109/L)

231.12 ± 84.20

239.12 ± 99.49

229.53 ± 89.95

242.77 ± 77.58

0.149

Operative time (min)

0.768

  > 300 min

144

27

117

72

 

  ≤ 300 min

158

23

135

85

 

Pancreas duct size

0.555

  > 3 mm

160

31

111

79

 

  ≤ 3 mm

142

19

141

18

 

Surgical procedure

0.526

 Minimally invasive

58

9

49

26

 

 Laparotomy

224

41

203

131

 

Pancreas texture

0.768

 Soft

141

33

108

71

 

 Hard

161

17

144

86

 

Pathology

0.207

 Malignant tumour

212

29

183

101

 

 Other

90

21

69

56

 

Tumour location

0.605

 Pancreatic head

222

35

187

126

 

 Duodenal papilla

35

6

29

13

 

 Distal bile duct

19

3

16

8

 

 Ampulla

19

5

14

8

 

 Other

7

1

6

2

 

Data on POD 1

 White blood cell (1012/L)

12.97 ± 4.00

12.41 ± 4.43

13.08 ± 3.91

13.16 ± 4.23

0.636

 Platelet count (109/L)

180.03 ± 60.57

169.68 ± 58.15

182.08 ± 60.95

187.15 ± 64.74

0.244

 AD (g/L)

10.81 ± 4.22

12.94 ± 4.65

10.39 ± 4.00

10.77 ± 4.13

0.913

 Drain amylase value (U/L)

243.5 (54.00–1436.8)

932.5 (347.00.00–6091.00)

169.50 (43.25–984.75)

242.00 (49.00–1502.00)

0.907