From: THUNDER 2: THeragnostic Utilities for Neoplastic DisEases of the Rectum by MRI guided radiotherapy
Inclusion criteria | |
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General | ECOG 0–1 |
Age over 18 years | |
Written informed consent | |
Adequate hematological function: -Granulocyte count > 1500/microl -Hemoglobin level > 10 g/dl -Platelet count > 100,000/microl -ALT/AST: 7–45 UI/L | |
Primary tumour characteristics | Histological proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum cT2-3, N0-2 or cT4 for anal sphincter involvement N0-2a, M0 |
Tumour located between 0 and 15 cm above the anal verge | |
Exclusion criteria | |
General | Contraindications for MR |
Pregnancy or lactating female patients | |
Prior radiotherapy in pelvic region | |
Psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule; those conditions should be discussed with the patient before registration in the trial | |
No other malignancies in the previous history (except skin and initial cervical cancer) | |
Important comorbidities: severe cardiac or coagulative disease, moderate or severe restrictive/obstructive lung deficit, severe cognitive impairment, moderate and severe renal and hepatic impairment | |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | |
Primary tumour characteristics | Mesorectal fascia involvement for tumor |
Extramesorectal nodes involvement | |
Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) | |
Rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma histology |