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Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

From: THUNDER 2: THeragnostic Utilities for Neoplastic DisEases of the Rectum by MRI guided radiotherapy

Inclusion criteria

General

ECOG 0–1

Age over 18 years

Written informed consent

Adequate hematological function:

-Granulocyte count > 1500/microl

-Hemoglobin level > 10 g/dl

-Platelet count > 100,000/microl

-ALT/AST: 7–45 UI/L

Primary tumour characteristics

Histological proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum cT2-3, N0-2 or cT4 for anal sphincter involvement N0-2a, M0

Tumour located between 0 and 15 cm above the anal verge

Exclusion criteria

General

Contraindications for MR

Pregnancy or lactating female patients

Prior radiotherapy in pelvic region

Psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule; those conditions should be discussed with the patient before registration in the trial

No other malignancies in the previous history (except skin and initial cervical cancer)

Important comorbidities: severe cardiac or coagulative disease, moderate or severe restrictive/obstructive lung deficit, severe cognitive impairment, moderate and severe renal and hepatic impairment

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Primary tumour characteristics

Mesorectal fascia involvement for tumor

Extramesorectal nodes involvement

Extramural venous invasion (EMVI)

Rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma histology

  1. ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ALT Alanine aminotransferase; AST Aspartate aminotransferase; MR Magnetic Resonance