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  1. Definitive chemoradiation (dCRT) is considered curative intent treatment for patients with inoperable or irresectable esophageal cancer. Acute toxicity data focussing on dCRT are lacking.

    Authors: Nadia Haj Mohammad, Maarten CCM Hulshof, Jacques JGHM Bergman, Debby Geijsen, Johanna W Wilmink, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen and Hanneke WM van Laarhoven
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:56
  2. The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by extensive epigenetic changes, including frequent regional hypermethylation particularly of gene promoter regions. Specific genes, including SEPT9, VIM1

    Authors: Susan M Mitchell, Jason P Ross, Horace R Drew, Thu Ho, Glenn S Brown, Neil FW Saunders, Konsta R Duesing, Michael J Buckley, Rob Dunne, Iain Beetson, Keith N Rand, Aidan McEvoy, Melissa L Thomas, Rohan T Baker, David A Wattchow, Graeme P Young…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:54
  3. Radiation-induced skin reaction (RISR) is a common side effect that affects the majority of cancer patients receiving radiation treatment. RISR is often characterised by swelling, redness, pigmentation, fibros...

    Authors: Raymond Javan Chan, Joan Webster, Bryan Chung, Louise Marquart, Muhtashimuddin Ahmed and Stuart Garantziotis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:53
  4. Metformin is an approved drug prescribed for diabetes. Its role as an anti-cancer agent has drawn significant attention because of its minimal side effects and low cost. However, its mechanism of anti-tumour a...

    Authors: Ummuhan Demir, Andrea Koehler, Rainer Schneider, Susann Schweiger and Helmut Klocker
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:52
  5. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy that develops in women, responsible for the highest cancer-associated death rates. Triple negative breast cancers represent an important subtype that have an aggress...

    Authors: Kelly A Avery-Kiejda, Stephen G Braye, Andrea Mathe, John F Forbes and Rodney J Scott
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:51
  6. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a significant role in biological processes, as well as in tumorigenesis and the progression of cancer, especially breast cancer. However, the clinical application of CXCR4 fo...

    Authors: Zhigang Zhang, Chao Ni, Wuzhen Chen, Ping Wu, Zhen Wang, Junhua Yin, Jian Huang and Fuming Qiu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:49
  7. Although the whole tumor cell vaccine can provide the best source of immunizing antigens, there is still a limitation that most tumors are not naturally immunogenic. Tumor cells genetically modified to secrete...

    Authors: Hongwei Tian, Gang Shi, Guoyou Yang, Junfeng Zhang, Yiming Li, Tao Du, Jianzhou Wang, Fen Xu, Lin Cheng, Xiaomei Zhang, Lei Dai, Xiaolei Chen, Shuang Zhang, Yang Yang, Dechao Yu, Yuquan Wei…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:48

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2020 20:42

  8. Evidence for the carcinogenicity of shift work in humans is limited because of significant heterogeneity of the results, thus more in-depth research in needed. The Nightingale Study is a nationwide prospective...

    Authors: Anouk Pijpe, Pauline Slottje, Cres van Pelt, Floor Stehmann, Hans Kromhout, Flora E van Leeuwen, Roel CH Vermeulen and Matti A Rookus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:47
  9. Biological processes are controlled by transcription networks. Expression changes of transcription factor (TF) genes in precancerous lesions are therefore crucial events in tumorigenesis. Our aim was to obtain...

    Authors: Janine Vonlanthen, Michal J Okoniewski, Mirco Menigatti, Elisa Cattaneo, Daniela Pellegrini-Ochsner, Ritva Haider, Josef Jiricny, Teresa Staiano, Federico Buffoli and Giancarlo Marra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:46
  10. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent environmental contaminants that affect metabolic regulation, inflammation, and other factors implicated in the development and prog...

    Authors: Kim E Innes, Jeffrey H Wimsatt, Stephanie Frisbee and Alan M Ducatman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:45
  11. Membrane vesicles released by neoplastic cells into extracellular medium contain potential of carrying arrays of oncogenic molecules including proteins and microRNAs (miRNA). Extracellular (exosome-like) vesic...

    Authors: Stefan Kruger, Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed, David H Hawke, Philipp M Wörner, David A Jansen, Asim B Abdel-Mageed, Eckhard U Alt and Reza Izadpanah
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:44
  12. Thrombocytopenia has been reported to be associated with small size HCCs, and thrombocytosis to be associated with large size HCCs. The aim was to examine the effects of platelets in relation to HCC cell growth.

    Authors: Brian I Carr, Aldo Cavallini, Rosalba D’Alessandro, Maria Grazia Refolo, Catia Lippolis, Antonio Mazzocca and Caterina Messa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:43
  13. In the oncology setting, there has been increasing interest in evaluating treatment outcomes in terms of quality of life and patient satisfaction. The aim of our study was to investigate the determinants of pa...

    Authors: Thanh Vân France Nguyen, Amélie Anota, Anne Brédart, Alain Monnier, Jean-François Bosset and Mariette Mercier
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:42
  14. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has endorsed six dimensions of patient-centredness as crucial to providing quality healthcare. These dimensions outline that care must be: 1) respectful to patients’ values, pre...

    Authors: Flora Tzelepis, Shiho K Rose, Robert W Sanson-Fisher, Tara Clinton-McHarg, Mariko L Carey and Christine L Paul
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:41
  15. Hypoxia-induced genes are potential targets in cancer therapy. Responses to hypoxia have been extensively studied in vitro, however, they may differ in vivo due to the specific tumor microenvironment. In this stu...

    Authors: Katharina Leithner, Christoph Wohlkoenig, Elvira Stacher, Jörg Lindenmann, Nicole A Hofmann, Birgit Gallé, Christian Guelly, Franz Quehenberger, Philipp Stiegler, Freyja-Maria Smolle-Jüttner, Sjaak Philipsen, Helmut H Popper, Andelko Hrzenjak, Andrea Olschewski and Horst Olschewski
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:40
  16. The aim of this study was to assess the severity of pain and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) in untreated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

    Authors: Karine G Oliveira, Sandra V von Zeidler, Jose RV Podestá, Agenor Sena, Evandro D Souza, Jeferson Lenzi, Nazaré S Bissoli and Sonia A Gouvea
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:39
  17. Small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) is a special type of hepatocellular carcinoma with the maximum tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm and excellent long-term outcomes. However, the prognostic factors for SHCC remain cont...

    Authors: Min Du, Lingli Chen, Jing Zhao, Feng Tian, Haiying Zeng, Yunshan Tan, Huichuan Sun, Jian Zhou and Yuan Ji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:38
  18. Chemoresistance is a major factor involved in a poor response and reduced overall survival in patients with advanced breast cancer. Although extensive studies have been carried out to understand the mechanisms...

    Authors: Harris Wang, The Vo, Ali Hajar, Sarah Li, Xinmei Chen, Amadeo M Parissenti, David N Brindley and Zhixiang Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:37
  19. Combination therapy is key to improving cancer treatment efficacy. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a well-known PKC activator, increases the cytotoxicity of several anticancer drugs. Apicularen A induce...

    Authors: Kang-Sik Seo, Jong-Seok Kim, Ji-Hoon Park, Kyoung-Sub Song, Eun-Jin Yun, Jong-Il Park, Gi Ryang Kweon, Wan-Hee Yoon, Kyu Lim and Byung-Doo Hwang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:36
  20. The targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics represents an ongoing challenge in the field of drug development. TRAIL is a promising cancer drug but its activity profile could benefit from a cancer-selective de...

    Authors: Gunjal Garg, Jesse Gibbs, Brian Belt, Matthew A Powell, David G Mutch, Peter Goedegebuure, Lynne Collins, David Piwnica-Worms, William G Hawkins and Dirk Spitzer
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:35
  21. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in gastric cancer development and progression. Here we examine the role of miR-133b in gastric cancer.

    Authors: Yu Zhao, Jie Huang, Li Zhang, Ying Qu, Jianfang Li, Beiqin Yu, Min Yan, Yingyan Yu, Bingya Liu and Zhenggang Zhu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:34
  22. Expression of the cold shock protein Y-box protein 1 (YB-1) is associated with deleterious outcome in various malignant diseases. Our group recently showed that the detection of an 18 kDa YB-1 fragment (YB-1/p...

    Authors: Frank Tacke, Oliver Galm, Nicolas Kanig, Eray Yagmur, Sabine Brandt, Jonathan A Lindquist, Christiane S Eberhardt, Ute Raffetseder and Peter R Mertens
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:33
  23. Although MYC is an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment, it has proven challenging to inhibit MYC directly, and clinically effective pharmaceutical agents targeting MYC are not yet availab...

    Authors: Jian Kang, C Marcelo Sergio, Robert L Sutherland and Elizabeth A Musgrove
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:32
  24. Recent studies have shown that glucosamine inhibits the proliferation of various human cancer cell lines and downregulates the activity of COX-2, HIF-1α, p70S6K, and transglutaminase 2. Because the IGF-1R/Akt ...

    Authors: Ki-Hoon Song, Ju-Hee Kang, Jong-Kyu Woo, Jeong-Seok Nam, Hye-Young Min, Ho-Young Lee, Soo-Youl Kim and Seung-Hyun Oh
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:31
  25. Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has successfully been used to treat both chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia as well as other hematological cancers...

    Authors: Victoria Hillerdal, Mohanraj Ramachandran, Justyna Leja and Magnus Essand
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:30
  26. Higher sunlight exposure is correlated with lower incidence of breast cancer in ecological studies, but findings from prospective studies regarding the association of circulating levels of vitamin D with the r...

    Authors: Yeonju Kim, Adrian A Franke, Yurii B Shvetsov, Lynne R Wilkens, Robert V Cooney, Galina Lurie, Gertraud Maskarinec, Brenda Y Hernandez, Loïc Le Marchand, Brian E Henderson, Laurence N Kolonel and Marc T Goodman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:29
  27. Distal esophageal adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis is still poor. Stathmin (STMN-1) is a ubiquitously expressed microtubule destabilizing...

    Authors: Javed Akhtar, Zhou Wang, Che Yu, Chen-Sheng Li, Yu-Long Shi and Hong-Jun Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:28

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2015 15:187

  28. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is reported to be an effective therapeutic agent in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) through inducing apoptotic cell death. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an oxidative stress pathway mo...

    Authors: Yukie Tanaka, Takayuki Komatsu, Hiroko Shigemi, Takahiro Yamauchi and Yutaka Fujii
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:27
  29. Individuals with a personal or family history of cancer, can opt for genetic counseling and DNA-testing. Approximately 25% of these individuals experience clinically relevant levels of psychosocial distress, d...

    Authors: Willem Eijzenga, Neil K Aaronson, Irma Kluijt, Grace N Sidharta, Daniela EE Hahn, Margreet GEM Ausems and Eveline MA Bleiker
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:26
  30. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is marked by high mortality rate. To date, no robust risk stratification by clinical or molecular prognosticators of cancer-specific survival (CSS) has been established for early sta...

    Authors: Daniel Vergho, Susanne Kneitz, Andreas Rosenwald, Charlotte Scherer, Martin Spahn, Maximilian Burger, Hubertus Riedmiller and Burkhard Kneitz
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:25
  31. Ceramide is a bioeffector that mediates various cellular processes, including apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying ceramide function in apoptosis is apparently cell type-dependent and is not well-under...

    Authors: Amy V Paschall, Mary A Zimmerman, Christina M Torres, Dafeng Yang, May R Chen, Xia Li, Erhard Bieberich, Aiping Bai, Jacek Bielawski, Alicja Bielawska and Kebin Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:24
  32. We evaluated the role of 18FDG PET/CT used to assess response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients with primary craniofacial bone sarcomas.

    Authors: Anna Maria Frezza, Tim Beale, Jamshed Bomanji, Amrita Jay, Nicholas Kalavrezos, Palma Dileo, Jeremy Whelan and Sandra J Strauss
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:23
  33. Improvement in treatment for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer is needed. Standard therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer consists of platinum-based chemotherapy. Median over...

    Authors: Rafli van de Laar, Petra LM Zusterzeel, Toon Van Gorp, Marrije R Buist, Willemien J van Driel, Katja N Gaarenstroom, Henriette JG Arts, Johannes CM van Huisseling, Ralph HM Hermans, Johanna MA Pijnenborg, Eltjo MJ Schutter, Harold MP Pelikan, Jos HA Vollebergh, Mirjam JA Engelen, Joanna IntHout, Roy FPM Kruitwagen…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:22
  34. When treating cerebral metastases all involved multidisciplinary oncological specialists have to cooperate closely to provide the best care for these patients. For the resection of brain metastasis several stu...

    Authors: Thomas Obermueller, Michael Schaeffner, Julia Gerhardt, Bernhard Meyer, Florian Ringel and Sandro M Krieg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:21
  35. Adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy of the prostate bed are established treatment options for prostate cancer. While the benefit of an additional radiotherapy of the pelvic lymph nodes is still under debate, the...

    Authors: Sonja Katayama, Gregor Habl, Kerstin Kessel, Lutz Edler, Juergen Debus, Klaus Herfarth and Florian Sterzing
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:20
  36. Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE) is a rare and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA and PTEN mutations in PSCCE.

    Authors: Zhimin Zhang, Hualiang Xiao, Fei Xie, Hui Zhang, Chuan Chen, He Xiao, Zhenzhou Yang, Dong Wang, Zengpeng Li and Ge Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:19
  37. In locally advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (LA-NSCLC) patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), optimal surrogate endpoint for cure has not been fully investigated.

    Authors: Hiroaki Akamatsu, Keita Mori, Tateaki Naito, Hisao Imai, Akira Ono, Takehito Shukuya, Tetsuhiko Taira, Hirotsugu Kenmotsu, Haruyasu Murakami, Masahiro Endo, Hideyuki Harada, Toshiaki Takahashi and Nobuyuki Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:18
  38. Despite aggressive treatment with radiation therapy and concurrent adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ), glioblastoma multiform (GBM) still has a dismal prognosis. We aimed to identify strategies to improve the therape...

    Authors: Eun Jung Choi, Bong Jun Cho, David J Lee, Yeo Hyeon Hwang, Sun Ha Chun, Hans H Kim and In Ah Kim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:17
  39. In normal prostate epithelium the TMPRSS2 gene encoding a type II serine protease is directly regulated by male hormones through the androgen receptor. In prostate cancer ERG protooncogene frequently gains hormon...

    Authors: Rajesh Thangapazham, Francisco Saenz, Shilpa Katta, Ahmed A Mohamed, Shyh-Han Tan, Gyorgy Petrovics, Shiv Srivastava and Albert Dobi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:16
  40. CD44 has been reported to be involved with tumor growth and metastasis and has also been implicated as a CSC marker in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). However, the prognostic value of CD44 still re...

    Authors: Jianqiang Chen, Jianding Zhou, Jie Lu, Hua Xiong, Xueli Shi and Liang Gong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:15
  41. Gastric carcinoma remains the second commonest cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Presence of the carcinoma cell in the pulmonary artery is serious condition that might cause remodeling of the pulmonary artery....

    Authors: Takao Ishiwatari, Yoichiro Okubo, Naobumi Tochigi, Megumi Wakayama, Tetsuo Nemoto, Junko Kobayashi, Minoru Shinozaki, Kyoko Aki, Daisuke Sasai, Yoshiro Yamamoto, Haruo Nakayama and Kazutoshi Shibuya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:14
  42. The approval of vemurafenib in the US 2011 and in Europe 2012 improved the therapy of not resectable or metastatic melanoma. Patients carrying a substitution of valine to glutamic acid at codon 600 (p.V600E) o...

    Authors: Michaela Angelika Ihle, Jana Fassunke, Katharina König, Inga Grünewald, Max Schlaak, Nicole Kreuzberg, Lothar Tietze, Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus, Reinhard Büttner and Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:13
  43. The reasons for the increasing breast cancer incidence in indigenous Māori compared to non-Māori New Zealand women are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the association of an index of combined healt...

    Authors: Fiona McKenzie, Lis Ellison-Loschmann, Mona Jeffreys, Ridvan Firestone, Neil Pearce and Isabelle Romieu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:12
  44. Melphalan resistance has been considered one of the major obstacles to improve outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy; unfortunately, the mechanistic details of this resistance remain unclear. Melphalan is ...

    Authors: Jiayin Xie, Liang Zhang, Mengxia Li, Jia Du, Liwei Zhou, Senlin Yang, Linli Zeng, Zengpeng Li, Ge Wang and Dong Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:11
  45. Progesterone is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of mammary gland epithelium. Studies of breast cancer cells have demonstrated a biphasic progesterone response consisting of an initial proli...

    Authors: Min Wei, Qi He, Zhongyin Yang, Zhiwei Wang, Qing Zhang, Bingya Liu, Qinlong Gu, Liping Su, Yingyan Yu, Zhenggang Zhu and Guofeng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:10
  46. Detection of microcalcifications on mammograms indicates the presence of breast lesion, and the shapes of the microcalcifications as seen by conventional mammography correlates with the probability of malignan...

    Authors: Inneke Willekens, Elke Van de Casteele, Nico Buls, Frederik Temmermans, Bart Jansen, Rudi Deklerck and Johan de Mey
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:9
  47. Lymph nodal involvement is an important clinical-pathological sign in primary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL), as it marks the transformation/evolution of the disease from localized to systemic; therefore the surveil...

    Authors: Elena Vigliar, Immacolata Cozzolino, Marco Picardi, Anna Lucia Peluso, Laura Virginia Sosa Fernandez, Antonio Vetrani, Gerardo Botti, Fabrizio Pane, Carmine Selleri and Pio Zeppa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:8
  48. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly severe disease characterized by a high rate of recurrence and death even after surgical resection. Molecular characterization of HCC helps refine prognosis and ...

    Authors: Adeodat Ilboudo, Jean-Charles Nault, Hélène Dubois-Pot-Schneider, Anne Corlu, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Michel Samson and Jacques Le Seyec
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:7
  49. Benzene is an established human leukemogen, with a ubiquitous environmental presence leading to significant population exposure. In a genome-wide functional screen in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inactivat...

    Authors: Matthew North, Joe Shuga, Michele Fromowitz, Alexandre Loguinov, Kevin Shannon, Luoping Zhang, Martyn T Smith and Chris D Vulpe
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:6
  50. Candidate predictive biomarkers for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi), skin rash and serum proteomic assays, require further qualification to improve EGFRi therapy in non-small cell lung canc...

    Authors: Michael L Maitland, Matthew R Levine, Mario E Lacouture, Kristen E Wroblewski, Christine H Chung, Ilyssa O Gordon, Livia Szeto, Gail Ratko, Keyoumars Soltani, Mark F Kozloff, Philip C Hoffman, Ravi Salgia, David P Carbone, Theodore G Karrison and Everett E Vokes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:5

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