Indirectly estimated absolute lung cancer mortality rates by smoking status and histological type based on a systematic review

Table 10 Meta-analyses of indirect estimates of lung cancer mortality rates in never smokers

Sex	Region	Period	Statistic^a	All lung cancer^b	Squamous^c	Adeno^d
All	All	All	n	220	81	81
			Rate	45.8 (41.7–50.4)	10.5 (8.6–12.8)	21.2 (17.9–25.1)
			H,P_H	23.53, <0.001	9.18, <0.001	16.21, <0.001
Male			n	129	43	43
			Rate	56.3 (49.8–63.7)	15.5 (12.2–19.8)	20.2 (15.8–25.8)
Female			n	91	38	38
			Rate	36.0 (31.6–41.0)	7.6 (6.0–9.7)	22.1 (17.5–28.0)
Between^e			P_B	<0.001	<0.001	NS
	Canada		n	10	4	4
			Rate	34.5 (24.3–48.9)	5.4 (2.9–9.7)	19.4 (8.5–44.4)
	USA		n	54	25	25
			Rate	37.6 (32.6–43.3)	9.3 (6.5–13.4)	16.1 (13.5–19.1)
	SC America^f		n	9	5	5
			Rate	40.2 (28.4–56.7)	7.9 (3.8–16.2)	18.0 (13.2–24.7)
	UK		n	26	4	4
			Rate	61.5 (46.8–80.8)	14.2 (9.9–20.4)	6.7 (3.8–11.6)
	Scandinavia^g		n	20	7	7
			Rate	29.6 (21.9–40.0)	4.4 (1.9–10.2)	13.2 (7.8–22.6)
	W Europe^h		n	31	8	8
			Rate	38.2 (29.3–49.8)	14.9 (8.9–24.9)	13.1 (8.3–20.7)
	E Europeⁱ		n	11	6	6
			Rate	32.3 (22.3–46.8)	6.6 (2.8–15.5)	14.7 (7.3–29.8)
	Japan		n	14	5	5
			Rate	42.5 (34.5–52.4)	5.0 (2.8–8.7)	47.2 (35.3–63.0)
	China^j		n	38	14	14
			Rate	99.1 (90.2–108.8)	23.7 (16.8–33.4)	64.8 (54.6–76.9)
	Other Asia^k		n	7	3	3
			Rate	23.5 (9.9–55.8)	8.7 (3.9–19.2)	31.0 (13.1–73.4)
	Between^e		P_B	<0.001	<0.05	<0.001
		1930–60	n	36	11	11
			Rate	24.1 (20.2–28.9)	7.6 (5.1–11.2)	6.9 (4.6–10.4)
		1961–70	n	26	8	8
			Rate	41.2 (31.2–54.4)	12.6 (6.0–26.7)	17.0 (12.6–22.9)
		1971–80	n	46	18	18
			Rate	50.2 (39.8–63.2)	12.7 (8.6–18.9)	18.1 (11.8–27.8)
		1981–90	n	81	40	40
			Rate	59.5 (52.1–67.9)	10.2 (7.6–13.6)	29.0 (23.4–35.8)
		1991–99	n	31	4	4
			Rate	44.4 (33.9–58.0)	11.6 (7.3–18.4)	33.9 (17.6–65.3)
		Between^e	P_B	<0.001	NS	<0.01

^a n = number of estimates combined, Rate = random-effects meta-analysis lung cancer mortality rate per 100,000 per year for age 70-74 years (95% CI), H = heterogeneity per degree of freedom, P_H = probability value for heterogeneity expressed as p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.1 or NS (p ≥ 0.1), P_B = probability value for heterogeneity between levels (see Methods) similarly expressed.
^b All or nearest available, must include at least squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
^c Squamous cell carcinoma or nearest available, but not including adenocarcinoma.
^d Adenocarcinoma or nearest available, but not including squamous cell carcinoma.
^e Heterogeneity between levels of factor considered.
^f Including Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Uruguay.
^g Including Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden.
^h Including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland.
ⁱ Including Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland.
^j Including China, Hong Kong.
^k Including Singapore, South Korea, Thailand.

ISSN: 1471-2407