Primary resection versus neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by resection for locally resectable or potentially resectable pancreatic carcinoma without distant metastasis. A multi-centre prospectively randomised phase II-study of the Interdisciplinary Working Group Gastrointestinal Tumours (AIO, ARO, and CAO)

Table 2 Selected studies of neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Study Institution	Number of patients	Total dose of XRT (Gy)	Chemo-therapy (mg/m²)	Median OS (months)	1(2,4,5)-year-OS-rate (%)	Rate local recurrence (%)	Rate of resectability (%)	Rate of clear resections
*Hoffman et al. 1998*[39, 40] multi-centric	53	50.4	5-FU/MMC	9.7 all pts 15.7 res	2y: 27 res	24/53 (26 %) 3/24 (13%) res	24/53 (45%)	n.a
*Snady et al. 2000 [29]*Mount Sinai	159 68* (20 res^§) 91 adj	54 + 14 Gy	5-FU/cDDP/Streptozotocin	23.6* (32 res) 14.0	1 y: 86(89)vs.64 2y:* 58(60) vs.32 3y:* 27*(40)vs.17	n.a.	20/68 (29%) -	95% neo 84% adj
*Breslin et al. 2001 [20]* MDACC	132	45 or 50.4 Gy or 10 × 3 Gy ± IORT	5-FU, or Tax or Gem	21	1y: 75 2y: 40 5y: 23	8/132 (6%)	-	88%
*Sasson AR et al.2003 [28]*FCCC	116 61 neo 55 adj	50.4	5-FU/MMC or Gem	all 18 neo 23 adj 16	n.a.	n.a.	-	39% n.a. n.a.
*White et al. 2005 [21]*Duke	193 i.p.r.:102 i.l.f.: 91	45 + 5.4 Gy	5-FU or Gem	23 39 i.p.r. 20 i.l.f.	3y: 37 res 5y: 27 res	n.a.	70/193 (36%) 54/102 (53%) 16/91 (18%)	73% n.a. n.a.

Abbreviations: 5-FU = 5-fluorouracil; adj = adjuvant therapy; cDDP = cisplatin; FCCC = Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Gem = gemcitabine; Gy = Dose in Gray; i.p.r = initially potentially resectable; i.l.f. = initially locally advanced, MDACC = M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX; MMC = mitomycin C; n.a. = not available; neo = neoadjuvant; OS = overall survival; res = resected patients, RT = radiotherapy; Tax = paclitaxel; vs. = versus. *initially unresectable patients ± resection after chemoradiation; ^§ this study indicates overall survival as explained: (1) patients with chemoradiation (2) numbers in brackets: patients with chemoradiation and resection (3) right to 'vs.': patients after primary resection; ^§ numbers in brackets in this row give results of the 20/68 resected patients with RCT.

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