From: Dietary cadmium intake and risk of prostate cancer: a Danish prospective cohort study
Cohort (N = 26,778) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Characteristics | Cases (N = 1,567) | Cohort (N = 26,778) | <14 μg Cd/day | 14-18 μg Cd/day | >18 μg Cd/day |
N (%) | |||||
Educational level | |||||
Low | 540 (35) | 9,315 (35) | 3,266 (37) | 3,095 (35) | 2,954 (33) |
Medium | 633 (40) | 11,126 (41) | 3,872 (43) | 3,779 (42) | 3,475 (39) |
High | 394 (25) | 6,337 (24) | 1,787 (20) | 2,053 (23) | 2,497 (28) |
Smoking | |||||
Never | 427 (27) | 6,868 (26) | 2,115 (24) | 2,287 (26) | 2,466 (28) |
Former | 580 (37) | 9,282 (34) | 2,916 (32) | 3,120 (35) | 3,246 (36) |
Current | 560 (36) | 10,628 (40) | 3,894 (43) | 3,520 (39) | 3,214 (36) |
Median (5-95%), mean | Median (mean) | ||||
Age (years) | 58 (51–65), 58 | 56 (51–64), 57 | 56 (57) | 56 (57) | 56 (57) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (22–32), 26 | 26 (21–33), 27 | 27 (27) | 26 (27) | 26 (26) |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.95 (0.86-1.06), 0.96 | 0.95 (0.86-1.06), 0.96 | 0.96 (0.96) | 0.95 (0.96) | 0.94 (0.95) |
Physical activity (MET score) | 55 (16–164), 68 | 54 (17–150), 65 | 48 (58) | 54 (64) | 62 (73) |
Zinc intake (mg/day)a | 17 (11–33), 19 | 18 (10–33), 20 | 14 (16) | 17 (19) | 21 (23) |
Iron intake (mg/day)a | 16 (9–31), 17 | 16 (9–31), 18 | 12 (15) | 15 (18) | 19 (22) |
Dietary Cd intake (μg/day) | 16 (10–24), 16 | 16 (9–25), 16 | 12 (11) | 16 (16) | 21 (21) |