Table 4 Prospective clinical trials of systemic therapy for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
Drugs | Study | Primary tumor | Phase | N | Efficacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methotrexate | [19] | Breast, lung | I | 13 | 0% cytologic and clinical response. |
Temozolomide | [22] | Breast, lung, melanoma | II | 19 | 11% cytologic or radiological response; TTP 28 days. |
Topotecan and ifosfamide | [20] | Breast, lung | II | 7 | 28% radiological response; TTP 51 days; OS 218 days. |
Patupilone | [21] | Breast | II | 5 | 0% cytologic and radiologic response; 3 months CNS PFS rate, 20%. |
Bevacizumab | [23] | Breast, lung, melanoma | II | 15 (Ongoing) | 7% best protocol responses; 13% CSF response; PFS 6 weeks; mOS 14 weeks. |
Bevacizumab, etoposide and cisplatin | Wu et al., 2015 | Breast | II | 8 | 60% CNS-specific response rate; OS 4.7 mos. |