Table 1 Characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer
From: Nomograms to predict survival after colorectal cancer resection without preoperative therapy
Variables | Training cohort | Validation cohort | Test cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 27700) | (n = 3158) | (n = 25214) | ||||
Sex, n, % | ||||||
 Female | 14077 | 50.8 | 1605 | 50.8 | 12702 | 50.4 |
 Male | 13623 | 49.2 | 1553 | 49.2 | 12512 | 49.6 |
Age, year, median, range | 67 | 18–99 | 67 | 18–99 | 67 | 18–99 |
Race, n, % | ||||||
 White | 21722 | 78.4 | 2428 | 76.9 | 19710 | 78.2 |
 Black | 3422 | 12.4 | 412 | 13.0 | 3106 | 12.3 |
 Yellow (Chinese, Korean and Japanese) | 1229 | 4.4 | 169 | 5.4 | 1075 | 4.3 |
 Other | 1327 | 4.8 | 149 | 4.7 | 1323 | 5.2 |
Marital status at diagnosis, n, % | ||||||
 Married (including separated) | 15900 | 57.4 | 1812 | 57.3 | 14166 | 56.2 |
 Divorced | 2378 | 8.6 | 266 | 8.4 | 2297 | 9.1 |
 Single (never married) | 3519 | 12.7 | 406 | 12.9 | 3553 | 14.1 |
 Widowed | 5185 | 18.7 | 601 | 19.1 | 4363 | 17.3 |
 Unknown | 718 | 2.6 | 73 | 2.3 | 835 | 3.3 |
CEA status, n, % | ||||||
 Negative | 15550 | 56.1 | 1803 | 57.1 | 14824 | 58.8 |
 Positive | 12150 | 43.9 | 1355 | 42.9 | 10390 | 41.2 |
Tumor site, n, % | ||||||
 Proximal colon (cecum to splenic flexure) | 14341 | 51.7 | 1621 | 51.3 | 13790 | 54.7 |
 Distal colon (descending to sigmoid colon) | 8015 | 29.0 | 952 | 30.2 | 7441 | 29.5 |
 Overlapping lesion of colon | 284 | 1.0 | 24 | 0.8 | 275 | 1.1 |
 Rectum (including rectosigmoid junction) | 5060 | 18.3 | 561 | 17.7 | 3708 | 14.7 |
Tumor size, n, % | ||||||
 ≤ 5 cm | 16861 | 60.9 | 1966 | 62.3 | 15178 | 60.2 |
 > 5 cm | 9120 | 32.9 | 998 | 31.6 | 8557 | 33.9 |
 Unknown | 1719 | 6.2 | 194 | 6.1 | 1479 | 5.9 |
Extent of surgery, n, % | ||||||
 Local/segmental resection | 12879 | 46.5 | 1505 | 47.7 | 11464 | 45.5 |
 Subtotal/hemisection | 13991 | 50.5 | 1549 | 49.0 | 13137 | 52.1 |
 Total resection | 830 | 3.0 | 104 | 3.3 | 613 | 2.4 |
Histology, n, % | ||||||
 Adenocarcinoma | 27375 | 98.8 | 3116 | 98.7 | 24975 | 99.1 |
 Signet ring cell carcinoma | 325 | 1.2 | 42 | 1.3 | 239 | 0.9 |
Tumor grade, n, % | ||||||
 Well to Moderately differentiated (G1 + G2) | 21137 | 76.3 | 2435 | 77.1 | 19450 | 77.2 |
 Poorly to Undifferentiated (G3 + G4) | 5931 | 21.4 | 646 | 20.5 | 5202 | 20.6 |
 Unknown | 632 | 2.3 | 77 | 2.4 | 562 | 2.2 |
pT stage, n, % | ||||||
 pT1 | 2381 | 8.6 | 272 | 8.6 | 2662 | 10.6 |
 pT2 | 3987 | 14.4 | 447 | 14.2 | 3844 | 15.2 |
 pT3 | 17094 | 61.7 | 1980 | 62.7 | 14887 | 59.0 |
 pT4a | 2244 | 8.1 | 256 | 8.1 | 2242 | 8.9 |
 pT4b | 1994 | 7.2 | 203 | 6.4 | 1579 | 6.3 |
pN stage, n, % | ||||||
 N0 | 14069 | 50.8 | 1615 | 51.1 | 13378 | 53.1 |
 N1a | 3445 | 12.4 | 402 | 12.7 | 3005 | 11.9 |
 N1b | 3960 | 14.3 | 456 | 14.4 | 3378 | 13.4 |
 N2a | 3055 | 11.0 | 356 | 11.2 | 2611 | 10.4 |
 N2b | 3171 | 11.5 | 329 | 10.4 | 2842 | 11.2 |
Lymph node count, mean, sd | 15.7 | 9.6 | 15.8 | 9.6 | 18.4 | 9.6 |
Lymph node ratio, mean, IQR | 0.16 | 0–0.24 | 0.16 | 0–0.22 | 0.13 | 0–0.18 |
Metastasis, n, % | ||||||
 M0 | 22512 | 81.3 | 2587 | 81.9 | 21112 | 83.7 |
 M1 | 5188 | 18.7 | 571 | 18.1 | 4102 | 16.3 |
 Follow-up | 63 | 1–107 | 64 | 1–107 | 34 | 1–59 |
Number of events | 9341 | 13359 | 1055 | 1496 | 5659 | 7689 |
1-year cumulative survival | 87.9 | 84.1 | 88.6 | 84.7 | 89.8 | 86.5 |
3-year cumulative survival | 73.8 | 67.1 | 75.1 | 68.7 | 77.3 | 70.9 |
5-year cumulative survival a | 66.6 | 57.2 | 67.7 | 58.6 | 70.8 | 60.6 |