Fig. 1

Pristimerin decreases cell viability under hypoxia and inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α. a Effects of pristimerin on the cytotoxicity of PC-3 cells for 24 h under normoxic and hypoxic condition. b Changes in the morphology of a cell according to the concentration. Cells were treated pristimerin (0, 0.5, and 1 μM) under normoxia and hypoxia for 48 h. c Quantitative cell proliferations were shown. The results are expressed as means ± SD for the triplicate. ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001 compared with untreated control. # p <0.05, ## p <0.01 compared with normoxic prestimerin-treated group. d Effect of pristimerin on the HIF-1α expression by western blotting. Cells were treated with or without pristimerin (0.5 and 1 μM) under normoxia and hypoxia for 4 h. e Quantitative HIF-1α protein levels are shown. The results are expressed as means ± SD for the triplicate. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01 and *** p <0.001 compared with hypoxia control. f Effect of pristimerin on the VEGF production. The results are expressed as means ± SD for the duplicate. ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001 compared with hypoxia control group