Table 2 Distribution of characteristics among endometrial cancer cases and controls (means and standard deviation or frequencies and percentages)
General characteristics | Cases | Controls | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 297) | (n = 307) | ||
Age (years) | 61.49 (7.48) | 60.40 (7.72) | 0.10 |
Age at menarche (years) | 12.75 (1.53) | 12.51 (1.51) | 0.53 |
Parity | <0.001 | ||
0 | 43 (15.41%) | 16 (5.61%) | |
1 | 218 (78.14%) | 209 (73.33%) | |
≥ 2 | 18 (6.45%) | 60 (21.05%) | |
Oral contraceptive use | 0.39 | ||
Yes | 53 (19.00%) | 65 (21.89%) | |
No | 226 (81.00%) | 232 (78.11%) | |
Menopausal status | 0.0001 | ||
Postmenopausal | 263 (93.93%) | 250 (83.89%) | |
Premenopausal | 17 (6.07%) | 48 (16.11%) | |
Hormone replacement therapy | 0.36 | ||
Yes | 52 (18.64%) | 64 (21.62%) | |
No | 227 (81.36%) | 232 (78.38%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.001 | ||
< 25 (normal weight) | 107 (36.03%) | 163 (53.09%) | |
25–30 (overweight) | 95 (31.99%) | 98 (31.92%) | |
> 30 (obese) | 95 (31.99%) | 46 (14.98%) | |
Physical activity | 0.08 | ||
Inactive or moderately inactive | 28 (10.22%) | 47 (16.10%) | |
Moderately active | 161 (58.76%) | 169 (57.88%) | |
Active | 85 (31.02%) | 76 (26.03%) | |
Education | 0.001 | ||
Primary school or less | 113 (40.94%) | 81 (27.27%) | |
Secondary or vocational school | 106 (38.41%) | 125 (42.09%) | |
High school or more | 57 (20.65%) | 91 (30.64%) | |
Smoking status | 0.04 | ||
Never smoker | 189 (67.99%) | 181 (61.15%) | |
Former smoker | 68 (24.46%) | 73 (24.66%) | |
Current smoker | 21 (7.55%) | 42 (14.19%) | |
Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 6.91 (9.81) | 5.87 (9.95) | 0.56 |
Fruit consumption (g/day) | 262.87 (140.98) | 289.35 (146.28) | 0.03 |
Vegetable consumption (g/day) | 85.24 (50.62) | 112.24 (74.49) | <0.0001 |
Total energy intake (Kcal/day) | 7569 (2319) | 7706 (2408) | 0.60 |
Mediterranean diet index | 0.0003 | ||
Low adherence (0–3 habits) | 158 (53.20%) | 115 (37.46%) | |
Moderate adherence (4–5 habits) | 111 (37.37%) | 143 (46.58%) | |
High adherence (6–8 habits) | 28 (9.43%) | 49 (15.96%) | |
Dietary index of inflammation | 0.33 | ||
1st quintile (low inflammation) | 46 (16.49%) | 69 (23.31%) | |
2nd quintile | 56 (20.07%) | 59 (19.93%) | |
3rd quintile | 57 (20.43%) | 58 (19.59%) | |
4th quintile | 60 (21.51%) | 55 (18.58%) | |
5th quintile (high inflammation) | 60 (21.51%) | 55 (18.58%) | |