Table 5 Risk of oesophageal carcinoma associated with occupational, environmental and health related factors
Characteristic | Cases | Controls | Non-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | |||
Exposure to agrochemicals | ||||||
 Ever exposed | 19 | 38.8 | 19 | 9.7 | 5.9 (2.8–12.4) | 6.57 (1.4–30.3) |
 Never exposed (reference)a | 30 | 61.2 | 177 | 90.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Exposure to other home/industry based chemicals | ||||||
 Ever exposed | 11 | 22.4 | 9 | 4.6 | 6.0 (2.3–15.5) | NSb |
 Never exposed (reference)a | 38 | 77.6 | 187 | 95.4 | 1.0 |  |
Major source of drinking water | ||||||
 Pipe borne water | 27 | 55.1 | 65 | 33.2 | 2.47 (1.3–4.7) | 5.62 (1.7–18.9) |
 Ground water (reference)a | 22 | 44.9 | 131 | 66.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Indoor air pollution | ||||||
 Yes | 39 | 79.6 | 18 | 9.2 | 38.6 (16.5–90.0) | NSb |
 No (reference)a | 10 | 20.4 | 178 | 90.8 | 1.0 |  |
Outdoor air pollution | ||||||
a. Factory in close vicinity | ||||||
 Yes | 4 | 8.2 | 16 | 8.2 | 1.0 (0.32–3.1) | – |
 No (reference)a | 45 | 91.8 | 180 | 91.8 | 1.0 |  |
b. House situated adjacent to a main road | ||||||
 Yes | 20 | 40.8 | 53 | 27.0 | 1.86 (1.0–3.6) | – |
 No | 29 | 59.2 | 143 | 73.0 | 1.0 |  |
On prolonged medication | ||||||
 Yes | 4 | 8.2 | 13 | 6.6 | 1.25 (0.4–4.0) | – |
 No (reference)a | 45 | 91.8 | 183 | 93.4 | 1.0 |  |
On vitamin supplementation | ||||||
 Yes | 1 | 2.0 | 3 | 1.5 | 1.34 (0.1–13.2) | – |
 No (reference)a | 48 | 98.0 | 193 | 98.5 | 1.0 |  |
Exposure to radiation | ||||||
 Ever exposed | 19 | 38.8 | 19 | 9.7 | 5.9 (2.8–12.4) | 4.64 (1.4–15.5) |
 Never exposed (reference)a | 30 | 61.2 | 177 | 90.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |