Environment, lifestyle and habits | HGIN/ESCC | LGIN | Esophagitis | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | P value | |
Smoking | ||||||||||||
 Not smoke | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
 Former/current smoke | 1.97 (1.62–2.41) | < 0.001 | 1.46 (1.14–1.89) | 0.003 | 1.28 (1.15–1.43) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 0.574 | 1.25 (1.16–1.33) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 0.048 |
Occupation (Farmer versus Non-farmer) | 1.35 (1.07–1.72) | 0.014 | 1.22 (0.97–1.57) | 0.098 | 1.29 (1.15–1.45) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.07–1.35) | 0.002 | 1.24 (1.15–1.33) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.12–1.30) | < 0.001 |
Pesticide exposure | 1.46 (1.13–1.87) | 0.003 | 1.44 (1.11–1.84) | 0.005 | 1.23 (1.08–1.40) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.05–1.37) | 0.007 | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.435 | – | – |
Refrigerator use, length of time | ||||||||||||
 No refrigerator | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
 1-10 years | 0.57 (0.43–0.78) | < 0.001 | 0.76 (0.57–1.04) | 0.074 | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 0.135 | 0.66 (0.60–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.66–0.81) | < 0.001 |
 11-20 years | 0.52 (0.36–0.76) | 0.001 | 0.71 (0.49–1.05) | 0.087 | 0.64 (0.52–0.78) | < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.64–0.95) | 0.015 | 0.61 (0.54–0.69) | < 0.001 | 0.67 (0.59–0.77) | < 0.001 |
 > 20 years | 0.44 (0.11–1.21) | 0.170 | 0.55 (0.13–1.52) | 0.319 | 0.60 (0.33–1.01) | 0.070 | 0.69 (0.37–1.16) | 0.189 | 0.48 (0.32–0.69) | < 0.001 | 0.50 (0.33–0.71) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol | ||||||||||||
 Not drink | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
 Former/current drink | 2.15 (1.68–2.75) | < 0.001 | 1.60 (1.23–2.09) | 0.001 | 1.54 (1.34–1.76) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (1.12–1.51) | < 0.001 | 1.22 (1.10–1.34) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | 0.331 |
Tea drinking frequency | ||||||||||||
 Not drink | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
 Former/current drink | 1.35 (1.11–1.65) | 0.003 | 1.32 (1.08–1.61) | 0.007 | 1.43 (1.30–1.57) | < 0.001 | 1.34 (1.26–1.54) | < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) | < 0.001 | 0.76 (0.70–0.81) | < 0.001 |
Water source (Well water and surface water) | 1.64 (1.35–1.98) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (1.28–1.89) | < 0.001 | 1.25 (1.13–1.37) | < 0.001 | 1.19 (1.08–1.32) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.50–1.69) | < 0.001 | 1.61 (1.51–1.71) | < 0.001 |
Tea temperature b | ||||||||||||
 Warm tea | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
 Hot/burning hot tea | 1.34 (0.91–1.99) | 0.144 | 1.34 (0.90–1.99) | 0.151 | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | 0.277 | 1.10 (0.92–1.33) | 0.300 | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) | 0.202 | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 0.137 |
Drink improved water | 0.74 (0.49–1.08) | 0.137 | 0.79 (0.52–1.15) | 0.251 | 0.56 (0.44–0.69) | < 0.001 | 0.58 (0.46–0.72) | < 0.001 | 0.72 (0.64–0.82) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | < 0.001 |
Diet taste | ||||||||||||
 Light diet | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
 Salty diet | 1.40 (1.09–1.81) | 0.009 | 1.36 (1.07–1.77) | 0.016 | 1.60 (1.41–1.83) | < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.38–1.80) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.47–1.74) | < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.45–1.71) | < 0.001 |
Livestock meat | 0.90 (0.71–1.18) | 0.440 | – | – | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.988 | – | – | 0.83 (0.76–0.89) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.001 |
Poultry meat | 0.77 (0.63–0.95) | 0.014 | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 0.290 | 0.66 (0.59–0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.66–0.81) | < 0.001 | 0.59 (0.56–0.64) | < 0.001 | 0.62 (0.58–0.67) | < 0.001 |
Seafood | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.967 | – | – | 1.08 (0.95–1.21) | 0.220 | – | – | 0.86 (0.80–0.94) | < 0.001 | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | 0.007 |
Fruits | 0.78 (0.73–0.83) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) | 0.085 | 0.79 (0.71–0.87) | < 0.001 | 0.89 (0.80–0.98) | 0.015 | 0.70 (0.58–0.85) | < 0.001 | 0.83 (0.78–0.88) | < 0.001 |
Spring onion /ginger/garlic | 0.78 (0.64–0.95) | 0.014 | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) | 0.116 | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | 0.009 | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) | 0.188 | 0.68 (0.64–0.72) | < 0.001 | 0.69 (0.65–0.74) | < 0.001 |
Nut | 0.93 (0.72–1.18) | 0.537 | – | – | 0.83 (0.73–0.94) | 0.003 | 0.89 (0.78–1.01) | 0.067 | 0.74 (0.68–0.80) | < 0.001 | 0.77 (0.71–0.84) | < 0.001 |
Milk | 0.99 (0.76–1.27) | 0.937 | – | – | 0.81 (0.71–0.93) | 0.003 | 0.82 (0.71–0.94) | 0.004 | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 0.828 | – | – |
Vitamins | 0.72 (0.26–1.56) | 0.464 | – | – | 0.43 (0.24–0.72) | 0.003 | 0.49 (0.27–0.82) | 0.012 | 0.64 (0.47–0.85) | 0.003 | 0.68 (0.50–0.90) | 0.010 |
Leftovers | 1.46 (1.38–1.55) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (0.96–1.41) | 0.125 | 1.07 (0.98–1.18) | 0.150 | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 0.108 | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) | 0.119 | 1.49 (1.40–1.58) | < 0.001 |
Physical exercise | 0.94 (0.71–1.23) | 0.675 | – | – | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.023 | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 0.119 | 0.67 (0.61–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.69 (0.62–0.76) | < 0.001 |
Housework | ||||||||||||
 No | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
 < 8 h/week | 0.97 (0.71–1.34) | 0.859 | 1.11 (0.81–1.52) | 0.531 | 0.86 (0.73–1.01) | 0.057 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.317 | 0.59 (0.54–0.65) | < 0.001 | 0.61 (0.56–0.68) | < 0.001 |
 8-14 h/week | 0.78 (0.57–1.08) | 0.123 | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) | 0.845 | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.004 | 0.88 (0.75–1.05) | 0.147 | 0.54 (0.49–0.59) | < 0.001 | 0.57 (0.52–0.63) | < 0.001 |
 15-21 h/week | 0.80 (0.56–1.15) | 0.217 | 0.95 (0.66–1.38) | 0.796 | 0.78 (0.65–0.93) | 0.006 | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) | 0.066 | 0.56 (0.50–0.62) | < 0.001 | 0.58 (0.52–0.65) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 22 h/week | 0.65 (0.44–0.96) | 0.029 | 0.79 (0.53–1.18) | 0.249 | 0.98 (0.83–1.17) | 0.843 | 1.06 (0.88–1.27) | 0.542 | 0.61 (0.55–0.68) | < 0.001 | 0.63 (0.56–0.71) | < 0.001 |
Snore | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) | 0.273 | – | – | 1.07 (0.97–1.17) | 0.172 | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) | 0.414 | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 0.001 | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) | 0.009 |