Prediction model based on MRI morphological features for distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules

BMC Cancer

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with malignant thyroid nodule and a scoring system developed from β coefficient in training cohort

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		β coefficient	Risk Score
Variables	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value	β coefficient	Risk Score
Gender (male, female)	1.52 (0.95-2.43)	0.084
Age (≤48y, >48y)	3.07 (2.02-4.66)	<0.001*	1.96 (0.88-4.36)	0.101	0.672	2
Lesion number (unifocal, multifocal)	0.24 (0.15-0.37)	<0.001*
Tumor size (<1 cm, 1-4 cm, ≥4 cm)	0.43 (0.31-0.60)	<0.001*
High signal intensity on T2WI	0.09 (0.05-0.14)	<0.001*
High signal intensity on T1WI	0.10 (0.04-0.22)	<0.001*
Low signal intensity on T2WI	11.79 (7.32-18.98)	<0.001*	3.92 (1.57-9.78)	0.003*	1.367	4
Restricted diffusion	69.53 (36.56-132.24)	<0.001*	39.54 (16.30-95.89)	<0.001*	3.677	11
Reversed halo sign in delay phase	47.25 (25.44-87.79)	<0.001*	19.26 (7.53-49.25)	<0.001*	2.958	9
Pseudocapsule	0.08 (0.04-0.14)	<0.001*
Fissure-filling enhancement	0.21 (0.09-0.51)	0.001*
Cystic degeneration	0.26 (0.10-0.64)	0.003*	4.44 (1.15-17.12)	0.031*	1.490	4
Hyperintense on T2WI with enhancement	0.18 (0.11-0.30)	<0.001*
Flow-void signal	0.63 (0.25-1.57)	0.320
Wash-out pattern	3.89 (2.54-5.95)	<0.001*	3.04 (1.32-6.98)	0.009*	1.112	3
Hyperenhancement in early phase	0.20 (0.10-0.38)	<0.001*
Change of lesion size in multiphasic enhancement	9.14 (5.20-16.07)	<0.001*

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; T2WI, T2-weighted imaging; T1WI, T1-weighted imaging. *P<0.05

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