Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression model for predicting postoperative recurrence in glioma patients

Preoperative Period

 Age (Years at Diagnosis)

1.06 (1.05, 1.07)

< 0.0001^****

1.04 (1.02, 1.05)

< 0.0001^****

 Sex male/female

1.37 (1.06, 1.77)

0.02^*

1.21 (0.86, 1.71)

0.27

 Headache yes/no

1.56 (1.21, 2.01)

5.90 × 10^− 4***

1.46 (1.04, 2.04)

0.03^*

 Vomiting yes/no

1.45 (0.92, 2.29)

0.11

 Epilepsy yes/no

0.64 (0.30, 1.35)

0.24

 Intracranial Space-Occupying Lesion or Intracranial Tumor yes/no

0.37 (0.16, 0.87)

0.02^*

 Muscle Weakness yes/no

1.53 (1.12, 2.10)

0.01^*

 Speech Disorder yes/no

1.31 (0.89, 1.92)

0.18

 Slow Reaction yes/no

1.92 (1.03, 3.58)

0.04^*

1.63 (0.68, 3.88)

0.27

 Tumor Location (Frontal lobe) yes/no

0.82 (0.62, 1.09)

0.18

 Tumor Location (Occipital lobe) yes/no

1.14 (0.74, 1.77)

0.55

 Tumor Location (Temporal lobe) yes/no

1.40 (1.05, 1.86)

0.02^*

1.51 (1.08, 2.12)

0.02^*

 Tumor Location (Corpus Callosum) yes/no

2.59 (1.57, 4.26)

1.85 × 10^− 4***

2.12 (1.07, 4.20)

0.03^*

 Tumor Location (Thalamus) yes/no

5.12 (2.53, 10.40)

< 0.0001^****

 Karnofsky Score (%)

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

4.76 × 10^− 3**

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

0.06

Postoperative Period

 WHO Grade 2 yes/no

0.23 (0.10, 0.51)

3.19 × 10^− 4***

 WHO Grade 4 yes/no

2.67 (1.67, 4.26)

< 0.0001^****

 GFAP + yes/no

0.29 (0.13, 0.63)

1.91 × 10^− 3**

 OLIG2 + yes/no

0.87 (0.60, 1.27)

0.47

 IDH-1/IDH-2 + yes/no

0.41 (0.24, 0.69)

7.55 × 10^− 4***

 Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy yes/no

0.24 (0.16, 0.37)

< 0.0001^****

 Karnofsky Score (%)

0.98 (0.97, 1.00)

0.08

 ECOG Grade

1.09 (0.75, 1.57)

0.65