Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Gut microbiota in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors | Country | Number of patients | Control group | Age | Method of Sample collection | Microbiota analysis technique | Alpha-diversity metrics | Relative abundance of various taxa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus | ||||||||
Alanee et al. 2019 [24] | USA | 30 (14 PCa vs. 16 controls) | Cancer-free | NA | Rectal swab | 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V5 region) | Not significantly different (Shannon index, P > 0.05) | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Clostridia, Negativicutes, and Gammaproteobacteria | Bacteroidales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, Selenomonadales, Enterobacteriales, and Actinomycetales | Corynebacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, Streptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Moraxellaceae | Prevotella, Escherichia -Shigella, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter |
Zhong et al. 2022 [25] | China | 35 (15 with nmPCa/mPCa vs. 20 controls) | BPH | BPH: 70.5 (IQR, 63–76.75) nmPca: 69.5 (IQR, 66.5–75) mPca: 68 (IQR, 65–74) | Stool | 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region) | Not significantly different (Shannon, Simpson index, P > 0.05) | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, and Synergistetes | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, Negativicutes, Gammaproteobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Deltaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiae | Bacteroidales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, Selenomonadales, Enterobacteriales, Bifidobacteriales, and Coriobacteriales | Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae | Prevotella, Escherichia -Shigella, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, and Megasphaera |
Smith et al. 2021 [26] | USA | 16 (8 PCa vs. 8 controls) | Cancer-free | NA | Stool | 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region) | Significantly different (Chao1, Observed Species index, P < 0.05); Shannon index was not significantly different (P > 0.05) | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Synergistetes, and Spirochaetes | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, Gammaproteobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Fusobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Synergistia, and Spirochaetes | Bacteroidales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, Actinomycetales, Bifidobacteriales, and Coriobacteriales | Prevotellaceae, Streptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Veillonellaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Moraxellaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Actinomycetaceae | Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, and Megasphaera |
Sfanos et al. 2018 [27] | USA | 30 (21 with LC/ BR/ mHSPC/ mCPRC vs. 9 controls) | Cancer-free, BPH | BPH: 68 (52–80) Cancer-free: 70 (64–78) LC: 60.1 (53–71) BR: 64.4 (54–72) mHSPC: 58 (51–65) mCPRC: 74 (64–85) | Rectal swab | 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V6 region) | Significantly different (Chao1,Observed species index, P < 0.05); Not significantly different (Shannon, Simpson index, P > 0.05) | NA | NA | NA | Corynebacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, Streptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Actinomycetaceae | NA |
Liss et al. 2018 [28] | USA | 105 (64 PCa vs. 41 controls) | Cancer-free | Cancer-free: 65 (IQR, 60–68.5) Pca: 66.5 (IQR, 62–70) | Rectal swab | 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V2 region) | NA | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, Synergistetes, and Spirochaetes | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, Negativicutes, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Synergistia, and Spirochaetes | NA | NA | NA |
Kalinen et al. 2021 [29] | Finland | 181 (108 PCa vs. 73 controls) | Cancer-free | Cancer-free: 62 (IQR, 55–67) Pca: 68 (IQR, 62–72) | Rectal swab | 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region) | Not significantly different (Chao1, Shannon index, P > 0.05) | NA | NA | NA | Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidaceae | NA |
Katz et al. 2022 [30] | Israel | 45 (20 PCa vs. 25 controls) | BPH | NA | Rectal swab | 16 S rRNA gene sequencing (V4 region) | Not significantly different (Evenness index, P > 0.05) | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Fusobacteria, and Synergistetes | NA | NA | NA | NA |