Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies
Author/year | Region | Patients | Age (years) | Treatment | Cutoff value of PSAD | Definition of BCR (%) | Follow-up (months) | HR (95% CI) | Adjusted covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ingenito 1997 [8] | USA | Localized PCa 175 | NP | Radiotherapy | ≥ 0.29 vs.<0.29 | Three consecutive rise PSA (49) | 25.2 | 1.20 (0.62–2.32) | Gleason score, pretreatment PSA |
Aref 1998 [9] | Canada | Localized PCa 205 | NP | Radiotherapy | ≥ 0.3 vs.<0.3 | Three consecutive rise PSA (55.1) | 45 | 0.87 (0.53–1.42) | Age, clinical stage, Gleason score, pretreatment PSA |
Busch 2012 [11] | Germany | PCa 1334 | 63 (43–75) | RP | ≥ 0.22 vs.<0.22 | Two rise PSA ≥ 0.1 ng/ml (18.1) | 60.3 | 1.47(1.13–1.92) | Gleason sum, pathological stage, margin status, pretreatment PSA |
Gandaglia 2015 [12] | Europe | Very Low-risk PCa 1710 | 63.9 (59–68) | RP | ≥ 10 vs.<10 | Two consecutive PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml (4.0) | 40 | 1.68 (1.02–2.88) | Age at surgery, pretreatment PSA, clinical stage, number of cores taken, number of positive cores |
Hashimoto 2015 [13] | Japan | Localized PCa 784 | 64.3 (60–69) | RP | ≥ 0.4 vs.<0.4 | Two consecutive PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml (10.2) | 22.3 | 2.19 (1.37–3.50) | Age, percent positive core, clinical stage, Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, surgical margin |
Yashi 2017 [14] | Japan | High-risk PCa 95 | 67 (63–71) | RP | > 0.345 vs. ≤0.345 | PSA ≥ 0.1 ng/ml with subsequent rising PSA (27.4) | 24.5 | 3.10(1.37–7.01) # | positive cores, dominant side, cancer extent |
Peng 2019 [20] | China | Intermediate- risk PCa 169 | 68 (50–78) | RP | > 0.3 vs. ≤0.3 | Two consecutive PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml (21.3) | 31 | 3.07(1.38–6.82) # | Age, biopsy Gleason pattern, preoperative PSA, prostate volume, positive biopsies, number of intermediate risk factors, surgical margins, extracapsular tumor extension, seminal vesicle invasion, |
Shida 2022 [21] | Japan | High-risk PCa 107 | 50–83 | RP | > 0.5 vs. ≤0.5 | Two consecutive PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml (26.2) | 21 | 2.48(1.15–5.35) | pretreatment PSA, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage, positive cores |
Yan 2022 [22] | China | PCa 384 | 69.5 ± 6.5 | RP | ≥ 0.52 vs.<0.52 | Two consecutive PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml (20.6) | 41 | 0.92 (0.54–1.56) | Biopsy Gleason pattern, preoperative PSA, clinical stage, surgical margins, lymph node, seminal vesicle invasion, nerve invasion |