Tumor burden score and carcinoembryonic antigen predict outcomes in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following liver resection: a multi‑institutional analysis

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable Cox-regression analysis for overall survival (OS) of patients in the derivation cohort

Variables	HR comparison	UV HR (95% CI)	UV P value	MV HR (95% CI)	MV P value
Age	> 60 vs. ≤ 60 years	1.21 (1.00–1.46)	0.049	NS	0.058
Gender	Male vs. Female	0.91 (0.75–1.10)	0.354
HBV (+)	HBV vs. non-HBV	0.87 (0.72–1.05)	0.151
ASA score	≥ 2 vs. < 2	1.20 (0.98–1.47)	0.067
Cirrhosis	Yes vs. No	1.26 (1.05–1.65)	0.011	NS	0.082
Child-Pugh grade	B vs. A	1.31 (0.88–1.93)	0.171
Preoperative platelet counts	< 100 vs. ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L	0.70 (0.50–1.09)	0.063
Preoperative NLR	> 4 vs. ≤ 4	1.52 (1.23–1.88)	< 0.001	NS	0.165
Preoperative CA 19 − 9	> 37 vs. ≤ 37 U/mL	1.83 (1.53–2.20)	< 0.001	1.42 (1.20–1.67)	< 0.001
Tumor differentiation	Poor or moderate vs. Well	1.03 (0.97–1.38)	0.057
Type of resection	Major vs. Minor	1.36 (1.13–1.62)	< 0.001	NS	0.802
Macrovascular invasion	Yes vs. No	1.37 (1.07–1.76)	0.012	NS	0.521
Microvascular invasion	Yes vs. No	1.34 (1.06–1.69)	0.011	NS	0.232
Resection margin status	R1 vs. R0	1.69 (1.35–1.93)	0.015	NS	0.874
Postoperative adjuvant therapy	Yes vs. No	0.92 (0.76–1.11)	0.404
AJCC staging system^8th	III/IV vs. I/II	2.34 (1.93–2.83)	< 0.001	1.96 (1.61–2.40)	< 0.001
CTC grade	Intermediate vs. Low	1.82 (1.48–2.24)	< 0.001	2.06 (1.59–2.51)	< 0.001
CTC grade	High vs. Low	2.62 (2.00–3.43)	< 0.001	3.34 (2.58–4.35)	< 0.001

ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; CA 19 − 9, carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CTC, combination of Tumor Burden Score and CEA; CI, confidence interval; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HR, hazard ratio; MV, multivariable; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; NS, not significant; UV, univariable

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