Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among Omani children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer: a prospective cross-sectional study

Table 5 Linear regression (enter) analysis of factors influencing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder scores* over time in Omani children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer (N = 92)

Variable	Anxiety		Depression		PTSD
Variable	β	p value	β	p value	β	p value
First assessment (T1)
Age	0.762	< 0.001†	0.460	0.001†	-0.197	0.193
Age group	-0.217	0.001†	-0.113	0.091	0.119	0.107
Cancer risk‡	-	-	-0.038	0.565	0.147	0.025†
Awareness of diagnosis	0.074	0.170	-	-	0.079	0.204
Cancer stage	-	-	0.061	0.257	-	-
Anxiety score	-	-	0.098	0.391	0.287	0.016†
Depression score	0.099	0.348	-	-	0.604	< 0.001†
PTSD score	0.209	0.025†	0.488	< 0.001†	-	-
Adjusted R²	0.861		0.849		0.827
Second assessment (T2)
Age	0.553	< 0.001†	0.297	0.018†	-0.180	0.155
Age group	-0.134	0.014†	-0.004	0.957	0.096	0.159
Cancer risk‡	0.061	0.224	0.106	0.093	-0.039	0.541
Awareness of diagnosis	0.003	0.946	0.017	0.770	0.047	0.419
Anxiety score	-	-	0.143	0.290	0.622	< 0.001†
Depression score	0.091	0.290	-	-	0.426	< 0.001†
PTSD score	0.400	< 0.001†	0.431	< 0.001†	-	-
Adjusted R²	0.896		0.837		0.839

Abbreviation: PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. *The presence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms was assessed using validated Arabic versions of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised instruments, respectively. Scores of ≥ 25, ≥15, and ≥ 33, respectively, were considered indicative of an anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and a probable diagnosis of PTSD [15,16,17,18,19,20]. †Considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. ‡Estimated based on the participant’s age at diagnosis, disease stage, tumour histology, MYCN status (amplified versus nonamplified), and tumour cell ploidy status [21]

ISSN: 1471-2407