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  1. Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Despite the fact that tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms controlling colorectal carcinoge...

    Authors: Alexandra Naba, Karl R Clauser, Charles A Whittaker, Steven A Carr, Kenneth K Tanabe and Richard O Hynes
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:518
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Indigenous Australians have lower overall cancer survival which has not yet been fully explained. To address this knowledge deficit, we investigated the associations between comorbidities, cancer treatment and...

    Authors: Suzanne P Moore, Adèle C Green, Freddie Bray, Gail Garvey, Michael Coory, Jennifer Martin and Patricia C Valery
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:517
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Mucosal melanomas represent about 1% of all melanoma cases and classically have a worse prognosis than cutaneous melanomas. Due to the rarity of mucosal melanomas, only limited clinical studies with metastatic...

    Authors: Chung-Young Kim, Dae Won Kim, Kevin Kim, Jonathan Curry, Carlos Torres-Cabala and Sapna Patel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:516
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy including anthracyclines and taxanes has been established in the adjuvant setting of high-risk operable breast cancer. However, the preferable taxane and optimal schedule of ...

    Authors: George Fountzilas, Urania Dafni, Christos Papadimitriou, Eleni Timotheadou, Helen Gogas, Anastasia G Eleftheraki, Ioannis Xanthakis, Christos Christodoulou, Angelos Koutras, Christos N Papandreou, Pavlos Papakostas, Spyros Miliaras, Christos Markopoulos, Constantine Dimitrakakis, Panagiotis Korantzopoulos, Charisios Karanikiotis…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:515
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) have potential to predict the effect of adjuvant treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare two methods, reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunocyto...

    Authors: Bjørnar Gilje, Oddmund Nordgård, Kjersti Tjensvoll, Elin Borgen, Marit Synnestvedt, Rune Smaaland and Bjørn Naume
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:514
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The electronic self report assessment - cancer (ESRA-C), has been shown to reduce symptom distress during cancer therapy The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate aspects of how the ESRA-C intervention may ...

    Authors: Donna L Berry, Fangxin Hong, Barbara Halpenny, Anne Partridge, Erica Fox, Jesse R Fann, Seth Wolpin, William B Lober, Nigel Bush, Upendra Parvathaneni, Dagmar Amtmann and Rosemary Ford
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:513
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. To prospectively assess circulating tumor cell (CTC) status at baseline (CTCBL) and after one cycle of a new line of systemic therapy (CTC1C), and changes from CTCBL to CTC1C (CTC kinetics, CTCKIN) for their util...

    Authors: Markus Wallwiener, Sabine Riethdorf, Andreas Daniel Hartkopf, Caroline Modugno, Juliane Nees, Dharanija Madhavan, Martin Ronald Sprick, Sarah Schott, Christoph Domschke, Irène Baccelli, Birgitt Schönfisch, Barbara Burwinkel, Frederik Marmé, Jörg Heil, Christof Sohn, Klaus Pantel…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:512
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. New biomarkers are needed for the prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer, which remains incurable by conventional treatments. O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation and protein expression have...

    Authors: Jaime Antonio Oliver, Raúl Ortiz, Consolación Melguizo, Pablo Juan Álvarez, Jaime Gómez-Millán and Jose Prados
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:511
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Nintedanib is a potent, oral angiokinase inhibitor that targets VEGF, PDGF and FGF signalling, as well as RET and Flt3. The maximum tolerated dose of nintedanib was evaluated in a phase I study of treatment-re...

    Authors: Klaus Mross, Martin Büchert, Annette Frost, Michael Medinger, Peter Stopfer, Matus Studeny and Rolf Kaiser
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:510
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Tetraspanins are transmembrane proteins that serve as scaffolds for multiprotein complexes containing, for example, integrins, growth factor receptors and matrix metalloproteases, and modify their functions in...

    Authors: Séverine Roselli, Richard GS Kahl, Ben T Copeland, Matthew J Naylor, Judith Weidenhofer, William J Muller and Leonie K Ashman
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:509
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) need to be approached carefully given the high incidence of pulmonary toxicity. Pemetrexed (PEM) is the key drug for the treatme...

    Authors: Motoyasu Kato, Takehito Shukuya, Fumiyuki Takahashi, Keita Mori, Kentaro Suina, Tetsuhiko Asao, Ryota Kanemaru, Yuichiro Honma, Keiko Muraki, Koji Sugano, Rina Shibayama, Ryo Koyama, Naoko Shimada and Kazuhisa Takahashi
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:508
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Vinflunine (VFL) is a microtubule-targeting drug that suppresses microtubule dynamics, showing anti-metastatic properties both in vitro and in living cancer cells. An increasing body of evidence underlines the in...

    Authors: Luis A Aparicio, Raquel Castosa, Mar Haz-Conde, Marta Rodríguez, Moisés Blanco, Manuel Valladares and Angélica Figueroa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:507
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Grade IV glioblastomas exist in two forms, primary (de novo) glioblastomas (pGBM) that arise without precursor lesions, and the less common secondary glioblastomas (sGBM) which develop from earlier lower grade le...

    Authors: Victoria K Hill, Thoraia Shinawi, Christopher J Ricketts, Dietmar Krex, Gabriele Schackert, Julien Bauer, Wenbin Wei, Garth Cruickshank, Eamonn R Maher and Farida Latif
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:506
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Few studies consider both the survival and financial benefits of detection of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) at earlier stages. This study estimated the savings in life-years and costs from early diagnosis of ...

    Authors: Mei-Chuan Hung, Meng-Ting Liu, Ya-Min Cheng and Jung-Der Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:505
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The combination platinum, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cetuximab is the standard first-line regimen of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Due to the toxicity of this treatm...

    Authors: Julien Péron, Valentine Polivka, Sylvie Chabaud, Marc Poupart, Philippe Ceruse, Antoine Ramade, Didier Girodet, Philippe Zrounba and Jérôme Fayette
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:504
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The approval of epoetin biosimilars in the European Union requires extensive scientific evaluation and stringent regulatory procedures, including post-marketing studies. The ORHEO (place of biOsimilaRs in the ...

    Authors: Mauricette Michallet, Elisabeth Luporsi, Pierre Soubeyran, Nadia Ali Amar, Vincent Boulanger, Miguel Carreiro, Louis-Marie Dourthe, Jean-Luc Labourey, Daniel Lepille, Frédéric Maloisel, Jean-Loup Mouysset, Sophie Nahon, Bérengère Narciso, Pierre Nouyrigat, Raouf Radji, Nacéra Sakek…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:503
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2014 14:720

  18. We previously showed that human papillomavirus (HPV) serostatus was not an independent risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in nonsmokers and nondrinkers; however, HPV increased the risk in...

    Authors: Ju Yang, Huanlei Wu, Sheng Wei, Huihua Xiong, Xiangning Fu, Zhaozhen Qi, Qian Jiang, Wen Li, Guangyuan Hu, Xianglin Yuan and Zhongxing Liao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:501
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. At present, there are no widely accepted criteria for the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in the context of effective modern-agent therapies. We aime...

    Authors: Axel Stang, Karl Jürgen Oldhafer, Hauke Weilert, Handan Keles and Marcello Donati
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:500
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The microenvironment modulates tissue specificity in the normal breast and in breast cancer. The stromal loss of CD34 expression and acquisition of SMA myofibroblastic features may constitute a prerequisite fo...

    Authors: Xavier Catteau, Philippe Simon and Jean-Christophe Noël
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:499
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy in Europe and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Almost 50% of patients with CRC develop liver metastases, which heralds a poor prognosis unle...

    Authors: Susan J Dutton, Nicola Kenealy, Sharon B Love, Harpreet S Wasan and Ricky A Sharma
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:497
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Multiple myeloma is an incurable haematological cancer that affects physical, psychological and social domains of quality of life (QOL). Treatment decisions are increasingly guided by QOL issues, creating a ne...

    Authors: Thomas R Osborne, Christina Ramsenthaler, Susanne de Wolf-Linder, Stephen A Schey, Richard J Siegert, Polly M Edmonds and Irene J Higginson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:496
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Growing evidence exists that the neoplastic stromal cell population (GCTSC) within giant cell tumors (GCT) originates from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In a previous study we identified a microRNA signature t...

    Authors: Burkhard Lehner, Pierre Kunz, Heiner Saehr and Joerg Fellenberg
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:495
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a transmembrane sialomucin, whose aberrant expression and/or allelic variation associates with poor prognosis and unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics in different cancers. M...

    Authors: Tuomas Kaprio, Jaana Hagström, Christian Fermér, Harri Mustonen, Camilla Böckelman, Olle Nilsson and Caj Haglund
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:494
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Over two decades ago, a proposal was that two different colorectal cancer (CRC) entities existed, based on tumour location either proximal (right) or distal (left) of the splenic flexure. Proximal and distal t...

    Authors: Tuomas Kaprio, Christian Fermér, Jaana Hagström, Harri Mustonen, Camilla Böckelman, Olle Nilsson and Caj Haglund
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:493
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The preoperative characterization of thyroid nodules is a challenge for the clinicians. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the commonly used pre-operative technique for diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumor. Howev...

    Authors: Vanessa Arcolia, Paula Paci, Ludovic Dhont, Gilbert Chantrain, Nicolas Sirtaine, Christine Decaestecker, Myriam Remmelink, Alexandra Belayew and Sven Saussez
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:492
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiation dose and response in terms of local-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with stage IV non-small cell lung ...

    Authors: Wei-Wei Ouyang, Sheng-Fa Su, Yin-Xiang Hu, Bing Lu, Zhu Ma, Qing-Song Li, Hui-Qin Li and Yi-Chao Geng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:491
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Elevated serum YKL-40 levels have been observed in various cancers. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of serum YKL-40 alone or in combination with the CEA, CYFRA21-1 and SCCA tumor markers for patients w...

    Authors: Xin Zheng, Shan Xing, Xiao-Min Liu, Wen Liu, Dan Liu, Pei-Dong Chi, Hao Chen, Shu-Qin Dai, Qian Zhong, Mu-Sheng Zeng and Wan-Li Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:490
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit functional abnormalities in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The microRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as the key modulators in Tregs. This study was to explore whe...

    Authors: Long Chen, Huiying Ma, Heng Hu, Lingling Gao, Xuan Wang, Jiaqi Ma, Qiang Gao, Binbin Liu, Guomin Zhou and Chunmin Liang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:489
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The methylation of DNA is recognized as a key epigenetic mechanism and evidence for its role in the development of several malignancies is accumulating. We evaluated the relationship between global methylation...

    Authors: Will D King, Janet E Ashbury, Sherryl A Taylor, M Yat Tse, Stephen C Pang, Jacob A Louw and Stephen J Vanner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:488
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Mechanisms governing the metastasis of endometrial cancer (EC) are poorly defined. Recent data support a role for Enhancer-of-split and hairy-related protein 1 (SHARP1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription ...

    Authors: Yun Liao, Xiaoying He, Haifeng Qiu, Qi Che, Fangyuan Wang, Wen Lu, Zheng Chen, Meiting Qiu, Jingyun Wang, Huihui Wang and Xiaoping Wan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:487
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Evasion of immune surveillance and suppression of the immune system are important hallmarks of tumorigenesis. The goal of this study was to establish distinct patterns that reflect a rectal tumors’ immune-phen...

    Authors: Marlies S Reimers, Charla C Engels, Hein Putter, Hans Morreau, Gerrit Jan Liefers, Cornelis JH van de Velde and Peter JK Kuppen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:486
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. To compare pain response outcomes for patients with spinal bone metastases treated with resistance training of the spinal musculature versus passive physical therapy during radiotherapy (RT).

    Authors: Harald Rief, Thomas Welzel, Georg Omlor, Michael Akbar, Thomas Bruckner, Stefan Rieken, Matthias F Haefner, Ingmar Schlampp, Alexandros Gioules and Jürgen Debus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:485
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Recent reports support a novel biological phenomenon about cancer related neurogenesis. However, little is known about the clinicopathological significance of neurogenesis in breast cancer.

    Authors: Qianqian Zhao, Yan Yang, Xizi Liang, Guangye Du, Liwei Liu, Lingjuan Lu, Junbo Dong, Hongxiu Han and Guohua Zhang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:484
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Chk1 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials in combination with a range of cytotoxic agents and have the potential to potentiate the clinical activity of a large number of standard of care chemotherapeuti...

    Authors: Rebecca Rawlinson and Andrew J Massey
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:483
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Metastasis to the breast from nonmammary malignancies is rare, and mostly involves patients in a pre-terminal condition with systemic metastases outside the breast. Lymphoma and leukemia, melanoma, and lung ca...

    Authors: Masahiro Yokouchi, Satoshi Nagano, Yuko Kijima, Takako Yoshioka, Akihide Tanimoto, Shoji Natsugoe and Setsuro Komiya
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:482
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) in cancer prevention has been demonstrated; however, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of ω3-PUFAs are not fully under...

    Authors: Soyeon Jeong, Kaipeng Jing, Nayeong Kim, Soyeon Shin, Soyeon Kim, Kyoung-Sub Song, Jun-Young Heo, Ji-Hoon Park, Kang-Sik Seo, Jeongsu Han, Tong Wu, Gi-Ryang Kweon, Seung-Kiel Park, Jong-Il Park and Kyu Lim
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:481
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Both Wnt5a overexpression and macrophage infiltration have been implicated in inflammation and cancer. The aim of this study is to reveal the involvement of Wnt5a in macrophage recruitment in gastric cancer.

    Authors: Shengjun Li, Wei Wang, Ning Zhang, Tingxian Ma and Chenghai Zhao
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:480
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Altered expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is associated with tumorigenesis and progression. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of AEG-1 expression in ...

    Authors: Yan Huang, Guo-Ping Ren, Chao Xu, Shui-Feng Dong, Ying Wang, Yun Gan, Li Zhu and Tian-Yuan Feng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:479
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. CHEK2 is a multi-cancer susceptibility gene whose common germline mutations are known to contribute to the risk of developing breast and prostate cancer.

    Authors: Gianluca Tedaldi, Rita Danesi, Valentina Zampiga, Michela Tebaldi, Lucia Bedei, Wainer Zoli, Dino Amadori, Fabio Falcini and Daniele Calistri
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:478
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. RhoC is a small G protein/GTPase and involved in tumor mobility, invasion and metastasis. Previously, up-regulated RhoC expression is found to play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and subsequent pr...

    Authors: Wen-feng Gou, Yang Zhao, Hang Lu, Xue-feng Yang, Yin-ling Xiu, Shuang Zhao, Jian-min Liu, Zhi-tu Zhu, Hong-zhi Sun, Yun-peng Liu, Feng Xu, Yasuo Takano and Hua-chuan Zheng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:477
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Combination of fluoropyrimidines and a platinum derivative are currently standards for systemic chemotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Nevertheless, individ...

    Authors: Thomas Thomaidis, Annett Maderer, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Janis Kany, Claudia Pauligk, Kristina Steinmetz, Arno Schad, Ralf Hofheinz, Harald Schmalenberg, Nils Homann, Peter Robert Galle and Markus Moehler
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:476
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Genome-wide linkage studies have identified the 9q22 chromosomal region as linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition. A candidate gene in this region is transforming growth factor β receptor 1 (TGFBR1...

    Authors: Jason P Ross, Linda J Lockett, Bruce Tabor, Ian W Saunders, Graeme P Young, Finlay Macrae, Ignacio Blanco, Gabriel Capella, Glenn S Brown, Trevor J Lockett and Garry N Hannan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:475
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Britain have been shown to be present in the 1990s and early 2000s. Little is known about on-going patterns in such inequalities in cancer mortality. We examin...

    Authors: Sheena E Ramsay, Richard W Morris, Peter H Whincup, Anna Olia Papacosta, Lucy T Lennon and Sasiwarang Goya Wannamethee
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:474
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving platinum-based chemotherapy as their first-line treatment have a dismal prognosis, with a median overall ...

    Authors: Jean-Pascal H Machiels, Lisa F Licitra, Robert I Haddad, Makoto Tahara and Ezra EW Cohen
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:473
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play role in tumor dissemination and are an independent survival predictor in breast cancer (BC) ...

    Authors: Zuzana Cierna, Michal Mego, Pavol Janega, Marian Karaba, Gabriel Minarik, Juraj Benca, Tatiana Sedlácková, Silvia Cingelova, Paulina Gronesova, Denisa Manasova, Daniel Pindak, Jozef Sufliarsky, Ludovit Danihel, James M Reuben and Jozef Mardiak
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:472
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Advanced pancreatic cancer confers poor prognosis and treatment advancement has been slow. Recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated survival benefits for combination therapy compared to gemci...

    Authors: Gillian K Gresham, George A Wells, Sharlene Gill, Christopher Cameron and Derek J Jonker
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:471
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Several epidemiological studies have previously investigated the association between the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) susceptibility; however, current results are inconsisten...

    Authors: Xian-Tao Zeng, Wei Luo, Pei-Liang Geng, Yi Guo, Yu-Ming Niu and Wei-Dong Leng
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:469
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Diagnosing adipocytic tumors can be challenging because it is often difficult to morphologically distinguish between benign, intermediate and malignant adipocytic tumors, and other sarcomas that are histologic...

    Authors: Taro Sasaki, Akira Ogose, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Tetsuo Hotta, Hiroshi Hatano, Takashi Ariizumi, Hajime Umezu, Riuko Ohashi, Tsuyoshi Tohyama, Naohito Tanabe and Naoto Endo
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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