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  1. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 15%. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC become...

    Authors: Haidan Liu, Jinfu Yang, Yunchang Yuan, Zhenkun Xia, Mingjiu Chen, Li Xie, Xiaolong Ma, Jian Wang, Sufeng Ouyang, Qin Wu, Fenglei Yu, Xinmin Zhou, Yifeng Yang, Ya Cao, Jianguo Hu and Bangliang Yin
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. There are a lot of unmet needs in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist, has been used for decades to treat hypert...

    Authors: Ting Li, Qunling Zhang, Jian Zhang, Gong Yang, Zhimin Shao, Jianmin Luo, Minhao Fan, Chen Ni, Zhenhua Wu and Xichun Hu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Accurate indication classification is critical for obtaining unbiased estimates of colonoscopy effectiveness and quality improvement efforts, but there is a dearth of published systematic classification approa...

    Authors: Hirut Fassil, Kenneth F Adams, Sheila Weinmann, V Paul Doria-Rose, Eric Johnson, Andrew E Williams, Douglas A Corley and Chyke A Doubeni
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Although cancer survivors are known to be at greater risk of developing second primary cancer (SPC), SPC incidence estimates in France are thus far lacking. We used a multivariate approach to compute these est...

    Authors: Jérémie Jégu, Marc Colonna, Laetitia Daubisse-Marliac, Brigitte Trétarre, Olivier Ganry, Anne-Valérie Guizard, Simona Bara, Xavier Troussard, Véronique Bouvier, Anne-Sophie Woronoff and Michel Velten
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Cancer patients with primary tumors showing extensive hypoxia and highly elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) have poor prognosis. The potential of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) ...

    Authors: Tord Hompland, Christine Ellingsen, Kanthi Galappathi and Einar K Rofstad
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. A subpopulation of tumor cells with distinct stem-like properties (cancer stem-like cells, CSCs) may be responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and possibly dissemination to distant organ sites. CSC...

    Authors: Zhihong Chen, Lora W Forman, Robert M Williams and Douglas V Faller
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood worldwide. It is a deadly pediatric eye cancer. The main cause of death in Rb patients is intracranial and systemic metastasis. ROCK is the...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Xiao-Hong Liu, Zi-Jian Yang, Bing Xie and Yi-Sheng Zhong
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Effective chemotherapy rapidly reduces the spin–lattice relaxation of water protons (T1) in solid tumours and this change (ΔT1) often precedes and strongly correlates with the eventual change in tumour volume (TV...

    Authors: Claudia Weidensteiner, Peter R Allegrini, Melanie Sticker-Jantscheff, Vincent Romanet, Stephane Ferretti and Paul MJ McSheehy
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The struggle against social inequalities is a priority for many international organizations. The objective of the study was to quantify the cancer burden related to social deprivation by identifying the cancer...

    Authors: Josephine Bryere, Olivier Dejardin, Veronique Bouvier, Marc Colonna, Anne-Valérie Guizard, Xavier Troussard, Carole Pornet, Françoise Galateau-Salle, Simona Bara, Ludivine Launay, Lydia Guittet and Guy Launoy
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. To determine the diagnostic and prognostic capability of urinary and tumoral syndecan-1 (SDC-1) levels in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder.

    Authors: Makito Miyake, Adrienne Lawton, Yunfeng Dai, Myron Chang, Lourdes Mengual, Antonio Alcaraz, Steve Goodison and Charles J Rosser
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, and the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer is in part due to its intrinsic and extrinsic drug resistance characteristics, which are also associated wit...

    Authors: Yuhua Lu, Jingjing Lu, Xiaohong Li, Hui Zhu, Xiangjun Fan, Shajun Zhu, Yao Wang, Qingsong Guo, Lei Wang, Yan Huang, Mingyan Zhu and Zhiwei Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. While microRNA (miRNA) expression is known to be altered in a variety of human malignancies contributing to cancer development and progression, the potential role of miRNA dysregulation in malignant mast cell ...

    Authors: Joelle M Fenger, Misty D Bear, Stefano Volinia, Tzu-Yin Lin, Bonnie K Harrington, Cheryl A London and William C Kisseberth
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. There is a need for psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer to promote adaptive coping with the challenges and distress associated with diagnosis, treatment and recovery. In addition, intervent...

    Authors: Addie C Wootten, Jo-Anne M Abbott, Katherine E Chisholm, David W Austin, Britt Klein, Marita P McCabe, Denny Meyer, Anthony J Costello and Declan G Murphy
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:83
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Recent evidence suggests that the prostate cancer (PCa)-specific up-regulation of certain genes such as AMACR, EZH2, PSGR, PSMA and TRPM8 could be associated with an aberrant expression of non-coding microRNAs...

    Authors: Kati Erdmann, Knut Kaulke, Cathleen Thomae, Doreen Huebner, Mildred Sergon, Michael Froehner, Manfred P Wirth and Susanne Fuessel
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown for decades that tumor cells demonstrate significantly enhanced sensitivity to “fever range” hyperthermia (increasing the intratumoral temperature to 42-45°C) than n...

    Authors: Clarissa Amaya, Vittal Kurisetty, Jessica Stiles, Alice M Nyakeriga, Arunkumar Arumugam, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy, Cristian E Botez, Dianne C Mitchell and Brad A Bryan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Improved insight into the molecular characteristics of the different ovarian cancer subgroups is needed for developing a more individualized and optimized treatment regimen. The aim of this study was to a) ide...

    Authors: Bente Vilming Elgaaen, Ole Kristoffer Olstad, Kari Bente Foss Haug, Berit Brusletto, Leiv Sandvik, Anne Cathrine Staff, Kaare M Gautvik and Ben Davidson
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Quickly and accurately localizing small peripheral pulmonary lesions can avoid prolonged operative time and unplanned open thoracotomy. In this study, we aimed to introduce and evaluate a new technique combini...

    Authors: Yang Shentu, Liang Zhang, Hengle Gu, Feng Mao, Minghui Cai, Zhengping Ding and Zhiqiang Wang
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Increasing evidence suggests that forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is frequently dysregulated in many types of human cancers. However, the exact function and mechanism of FOXA1 in human endometrial cancer (EC) remains ...

    Authors: Meiting Qiu, Wei Bao, Jingyun Wang, Tingting Yang, Xiaoying He, Yun Liao and Xiaoping Wan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Esterases are often overexpressed in cancer cells and can have chiral specificities different from that of the corresponding normal tissues. For this reason, ester prodrugs could be a promising approach in che...

    Authors: Christopher A McGoldrick, Yu-Lin Jiang, Victor Paromov, Marianne Brannon, Koyamangalath Krishnan and William L Stone
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Like normal hematopoietic stem cells, leukemia cells proliferate in bone marrow, where oxygen supply is limited. However, the growth and energy metabolism of leukemia cells under hypoxia have not been well und...

    Authors: Mineaki Goto, Hiroshi Miwa, Kazuto Suganuma, Norikazu Tsunekawa-Imai, Masato Shikami, Motonori Mizutani, Shohei Mizuno, Ichiro Hanamura and Masakazu Nitta
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most dreaded cancers with very low survival rate and poor prognosis to the existing frontline chemotherapeutic drugs. Gene therapy in combination with a cytotoxic agent ...

    Authors: Jing Xu, Amit Singh and Mansoor M Amiji
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The cytokine TRAIL represents one of the most promising candidates for the apoptotic elimination of tumor cells, either alone or in combination therapies. However, its efficacy is often limited by intrinsic or...

    Authors: Susann Voigt, Stephan Philipp, Parvin Davarnia, Supandi Winoto-Morbach, Christian Röder, Christoph Arenz, Anna Trauzold, Dieter Kabelitz, Stefan Schütze, Holger Kalthoff and Dieter Adam
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Breast cancers with a BRCA1 mutation are a...

    Authors: Tidarat Nhukeaw, Pornvichai Temboot, Kanidtha Hansongnern and Adisorn Ratanaphan
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Angiogenesis is a proliferative process resulting in the development of new blood vessels from existing endothelial cells and is considered crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor angiogenesis can be qu...

    Authors: Juliana Passos Paschoal, Vagner Bernardo, Nathalie Henriques Silva Canedo, Osmar Damasceno Ribeiro, Adriana Caroli-Bottino and Vera Lucia Pannain
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Prognosis of adult patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still unsatisfactory. Targeted therapy via inhibition of deregulated signaling pathways appears to be a promising therapeutic op...

    Authors: Christin Kretzschmar, Catrin Roolf, Tina-Susann Langhammer, Anett Sekora, Anahit Pews-Davtyan, Matthias Beller, Moritz J Frech, Christian Eisenlöffel, Arndt Rolfs and Christian Junghanss
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. An early age at Breast Cancer (BC) onset may be a hallmark of inherited predisposition, but BRCA1/2 mutations are only found in a minority of younger BC patients. Among the others, a fraction may carry mutatio...

    Authors: Laura Maria Pradella, Cecilia Evangelisti, Claudia Ligorio, Claudio Ceccarelli, Iria Neri, Roberta Zuntini, Laura Benedetta Amato, Simona Ferrari, Alberto Maria Martelli, Giuseppe Gasparre and Daniela Turchetti
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:70
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  29. Compared with younger patients, older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) generally have poorer survival outcomes and less benefit from clinical trials. A recent phase 3 trial demonstrated a trend toward ...

    Authors: Jiří Mayer, Christopher Arthur, Jacques Delaunay, Grzegorz Mazur, Xavier G Thomas, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Farhad Ravandi, Erhan Berrak, Mark Jones, Yuhan Li and Hagop M Kantarjian
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane in patients with advanced, persistent or recurrent endometrial carcinoma.

    Authors: Kristina Lindemann, Susanne Malander, Rene D Christensen, Mansoor R Mirza, Gunnar B Kristensen, Elisabeth Aavall-Lundqvist, Ignace Vergote, Per Rosenberg, Karin Boman and Britta Nordstrøm
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Spinal bone metastases are commonly diagnosed in cancer patients. The consequences are pain both at rest and under exercise, impairment of activities of daily life (ADL), reduced clinical performance, the risk...

    Authors: Harald Rief, Georg Omlor, Michael Akbar, Thomas Welzel, Thomas Bruckner, Stefan Rieken, Matthias F Haefner, Ingmar Schlampp, Alexandros Gioules, Daniel Habermehl, Friedbert von Nettelbladt and Jürgen Debus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The objective of this prospectively randomized phase II trial (Trial registration: EUCTR2004-004007-37-DE) was to compare the clinical response of primary breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant therapy with let...

    Authors: Peter A Fasching, Sebastian M Jud, Maik Hauschild, Sherko Kümmel, Martin Schütte, Matthias Warm, Volker Hanf, Dieter Grab, Jutta Krocker, Elmar Stickeler, Rolf Kreienberg, Thomas Müller, Thorsten Kühn, Christopher Wolf, Steffen Kahlert, Stefan Paepke…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. This study aimed at the identification of prognostic gene expression markers in early primary colorectal carcinomas without metastasis at the time point of surgery by analyzing genome-wide gene expression prof...

    Authors: Marion Fehlker, Matthew R Huska, Thomas Jöns, Miguel A Andrade-Navarro and Wolfgang Kemmner
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The goal of this study was to compare treatment outcomes for Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB cervical carcinoma patients receiving radical surgery followed by adjuvant postoperative ra...

    Authors: Yanlan Chai, Tao Wang, Juan Wang, Yunyi Yang, Ying Gao, Jiyong Gao, Shangfeng Gao, Yueling Wang, Xi Zhou and Zi Liu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Although diagnosed less often, breast cancer in African American women (AAW) displays different characteristics compared to breast cancer in Caucasian women (CW), including earlier onset, less favorable clinic...

    Authors: Lori A Sturtz, Jen Melley, Kim Mamula, Craig D Shriver and Rachel E Ellsworth
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. There is a paucity of data on familial risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and distal gastric adenocarcinoma from population-based studies.

    Authors: Xuejuan Jiang, Chiu-Chen Tseng, Leslie Bernstein and Anna H Wu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Tumor expression of estrogen receptor (ER) is an important marker of prognosis, and is predictive of response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Several studies have observed that epigenetic events, such m...

    Authors: Joaquina Martínez-Galán, Blanca Torres-Torres, María Isabel Núñez, Jesús López-Peñalver, Rosario Del Moral, José Mariano Ruiz De Almodóvar, Salomón Menjón, Ángel Concha, Clara Chamorro, Sandra Ríos and Juan Ramón Delgado
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a major role in folate metabolism and consequently could be an important factor for the efficacy of a treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Our aim was to evaluate the...

    Authors: Susanne Blank, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Gisela Keller, Wilko Weichert, Florian Lordick, Rupert Langer, Christoph Springfeld, Thomas Bruckner, Karen Becker, Rajiv Kumar and Katja Ott
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The HECT family ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 regulates cell polarity, migration, division, differentiation and death, by targeting diverse substrates that are critical for receptor signaling, cytoskeleton, chromati...

    Authors: Xianpeng Liu, Xin Gu, Limin Sun, Ashley B Flowers, Alfred W Rademaker, Yiran Zhou and Hiroaki Kiyokawa
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The editors of BMC Cancer would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2013).

    Authors: Dafne Solera
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:50
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  43. Definitive chemoradiation (dCRT) is considered curative intent treatment for patients with inoperable or irresectable esophageal cancer. Acute toxicity data focussing on dCRT are lacking.

    Authors: Nadia Haj Mohammad, Maarten CCM Hulshof, Jacques JGHM Bergman, Debby Geijsen, Johanna W Wilmink, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen and Hanneke WM van Laarhoven
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by extensive epigenetic changes, including frequent regional hypermethylation particularly of gene promoter regions. Specific genes, including SEPT9, VIM1

    Authors: Susan M Mitchell, Jason P Ross, Horace R Drew, Thu Ho, Glenn S Brown, Neil FW Saunders, Konsta R Duesing, Michael J Buckley, Rob Dunne, Iain Beetson, Keith N Rand, Aidan McEvoy, Melissa L Thomas, Rohan T Baker, David A Wattchow, Graeme P Young…
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Radiation-induced skin reaction (RISR) is a common side effect that affects the majority of cancer patients receiving radiation treatment. RISR is often characterised by swelling, redness, pigmentation, fibros...

    Authors: Raymond Javan Chan, Joan Webster, Bryan Chung, Louise Marquart, Muhtashimuddin Ahmed and Stuart Garantziotis
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Metformin is an approved drug prescribed for diabetes. Its role as an anti-cancer agent has drawn significant attention because of its minimal side effects and low cost. However, its mechanism of anti-tumour a...

    Authors: Ummuhan Demir, Andrea Koehler, Rainer Schneider, Susann Schweiger and Helmut Klocker
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy that develops in women, responsible for the highest cancer-associated death rates. Triple negative breast cancers represent an important subtype that have an aggress...

    Authors: Kelly A Avery-Kiejda, Stephen G Braye, Andrea Mathe, John F Forbes and Rodney J Scott
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a significant role in biological processes, as well as in tumorigenesis and the progression of cancer, especially breast cancer. However, the clinical application of CXCR4 fo...

    Authors: Zhigang Zhang, Chao Ni, Wuzhen Chen, Ping Wu, Zhen Wang, Junhua Yin, Jian Huang and Fuming Qiu
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Evidence for the carcinogenicity of shift work in humans is limited because of significant heterogeneity of the results, thus more in-depth research in needed. The Nightingale Study is a nationwide prospective...

    Authors: Anouk Pijpe, Pauline Slottje, Cres van Pelt, Floor Stehmann, Hans Kromhout, Flora E van Leeuwen, Roel CH Vermeulen and Matti A Rookus
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:47
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  50. Biological processes are controlled by transcription networks. Expression changes of transcription factor (TF) genes in precancerous lesions are therefore crucial events in tumorigenesis. Our aim was to obtain...

    Authors: Janine Vonlanthen, Michal J Okoniewski, Mirco Menigatti, Elisa Cattaneo, Daniela Pellegrini-Ochsner, Ritva Haider, Josef Jiricny, Teresa Staiano, Federico Buffoli and Giancarlo Marra
    Citation: BMC Cancer 2014 14:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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